Chemistry Timeline

Democritus

465 BCE

He developed the atomic theory which states that the universe consists of two elements, atoms and the void in which they exist or move. He hypothesized that atoms could not be destroyed, differ in shape, size, and temperature,are always moving, and are visible.

Aristotle

335 BCE

Aristotle did not believe in the atomic theory but instead that all things were made of the four basic elements found on Earth; earth, water, fire, and air. He opened his own school where he taught his beliefs and he also created his own scientific method.

Microscope

Oct 2, 1509

The microscope was invented by Zacharias Jensen. It consisted of 3 tubes that could be extended to magnify objects up to 9 times. The original microscope was only the base to create bigger and better microscopes like the ones we have today.

Copernicium System

Oct 2, 1543

Nicholas Copernicium discovered that the sun was a motionless body in the middle of the solar system that the plants revolved around. Before this system scientists believed the earth was the middle of the solar system.

Themometer

Oct 2, 1593

The temperature was invented by Galileo Galilei. His invention consisted of a glass tube containing water that rose to different levels depending on the temp it came in contact with.

Gravity

Oct 2, 1664

Issac Newton formed the law of universal gravity which explained the force that draws objects together or why an apple falls from a tree.

Small Pox Vaccination

Oct 2, 1721

Small px was a wide spread disease that caused many deaths until a vaccine was formed by Edward Jenner. He would give patients small doses of the disease which would be minimally harmful and the patient would then recover and build up an immunity to the disease.

Antonie Lavosier

Oct 2, 1774

Antonie formed the law of Conservation which states that matter can not be created or destroyed.

Combustion Engine

Oct 2, 1786

Alessandro Volta learned how to isolate methane gas and found out that when it was combined with air and an electric spark it would explode. This was the basis for the combustion engine. He also developed the electric battery.

Joseph Proust

Oct 2, 1794

Joseph formed the law of definite proportions which stated that a compound is formed of exact properties of elements by mass regardless of how the compound was formed.

Pasturization

Oct 2, 1800

Patronization was developed by Louis Pastuer. Pasteurization was a method of heating milk to high temps and cooling it quickly before it was bottled to prevent disease and keep the milk fresher longer.

John Dalton

Oct 2, 1803

John Dalton believed that all matter was composed of atoms and the different elements were made of atoms with differing size or mass. He also believed that all compounds were composed of combinations of these atoms in definite proportion (the law of definite proportions) Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDoH5fPTOfo

Amadeo Avagadro

Oct 2, 1811

Amadeo hypothesized that equal volumes of different masses contained equal volumes of molecules, provided that are the same temp and pressure. Many scientist rejected his theory until after is death when it became known as Avagardo law.

Finger prints

Oct 2, 1823

Evangelista Purkinje discovered that finger prints are unique to each person, are let behind on things people touch, and can be lifted off objects, This discovery allowed law enforcement a new way to find criminals.

Kelvin

Oct 2, 1854

William Thomson also known as lord Kelvin was awarded with naming the temperature system due to his contributions and discoveries. He defined the first two laws of thermodynamics and that temperatures absolute zero is at -273.15°C
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY5OwnggnUE

William Crookes

Oct 2, 1879

William discovered the electron while constructing the cathode ray. He also discovered the element thallium and that atoms have a negative charge.

Henri Becquerel

Oct 2, 1896

Henri discovered radioactivity. He was influenced to explore radiation after recent developments in x-rays. He experimented with uranium and light and learned when an experiment got put of by clouds and overcast that uranium had its own radiations without coming in contact with light.

Madame Curie

Oct 2, 1898

Madame Curie explored elements and weather or not they gave of radiation. She also discovered two new elements Radium and Polonium.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEV4KJBJvEg

J.J Thomson

Oct 2, 1904

J.J Thomson discovered electrons and that atoms could be divided. He also proposed that atoms had positive cores and negative surrounding particle. He developed the Plum pudding model which showed how the negative electrons surrounding the positive core balanced each other out.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCduwYrn7U4

Albert Einstein

Oct 2, 1905

Albert Einstein proved the existence of atoms. He was able to calculate the average distance particles would travel in a certain amount of time. With Einstein's calculations it was also possible to determine the size of invisible atoms.

Chromotography

Oct 2, 1906

Chromatography was invented by a Russian scientist named Mikhail Tswett. Chromatography is a way to seperate a mixture by using the substances tendencies to be drawn towards something.

Robert Milikan

Oct 2, 1908

Robert measured the charge of electrons. He used an apparatus that iodized the air in the chamber which removed the electrons from the air and molecules that were caught in water droplets moved to the top and ones that did not catch fell to the bottoms. He studied this data closely and was able to determine the mass of an electron is 1000 times less than the lightest atom.

Henry Moseley

Oct 2, 1910

Henry developed the x-ray and used it to study atomic structures. This allowed him to better position elements on the periodic table.

Ernest Rutherford

Oct 2, 1911

Ernest formed a planetary model of the atom which supported J.J Thompsons theory about atoms cores but Ernest was able to identify the core of an atom as a nucleus.

Niels Bohr

Oct 2, 1913

Niels developed a theory oh hydrogen atoms based on the quantum theory. Niels theory explained why atoms emitted light in fixed wavelengths.

Max Planck

Oct 2, 1918

Max developed the quantum theory. This theory states that energy was made every second in desecrate amounts not in continuos wavelengths. Max was then able to determine that each quantum is equal to the frequency of the radiation multiplied by a universal constant (Plancks constant). This was used to determine particles behavior and atomic wavelengths.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1TVZIBj7UA

Louis deBroglie

Oct 2, 1921

Louis was able to predict the wave nature of electrons. This allowed him to answer many questions and explain atom restrictions.

Werner Heisenberg

Oct 2, 1926

Werner developed matrix techniques which was a formula to calculate quantum mechanics.

Erwin Schrodinger

Oct 2, 1926

Erwin developed a new model of the atom. He thought electrons were arranged in circular orbits around the nucleus. This was similar to the Bohr model but Erwin used mathematical equations to prove or explain the placement of electrons around an atom.

James Chadwick

Oct 2, 1932

James proved the existence of protons which he was then able to o to break open an atoms nucleus. This would eventually lead to atomic bombs and uranium fussions