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Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency advocates the separation of juvenile and adult offenders.
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First Juvenile Court Established in Cook County, Illinois.
Key element was the focus on the child's welfare, the state believed they needed to provide proteciton for such "troubled" children. -
32 states establish juvenile courts and/or probation services.
They believed rather than punishing delinquents, juvenile courts sought to turn them into productive "cured" citizens through treatment. -
People begin to question the ability of the juvenile court to succeed in rehabilitating the troubled youth.
Treatment was usually ineffective and there were many repeat crimes after youths' release. -
Supreme Court requires juvenile courts become more formal and "law abiding" like adult criminal system
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Juvenile Deliquency Prevention and Control Act of 1968
Recommended children charged with noncriminal offenses be handled outside the court system. -
Juvenile Justive and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
Required deinstitutionalization of status offenders and non-offenders as well as the separation of juvenile delinquents from adult offenders. -
Congress adds requirement that juveniles be removed from adult lock up facilities.
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Thompson v. Oklahoma
Rules that it was a violation of the 8th Amendment to execute an offender who was fifteen years old at the time of the offense. (death penatly under age 16 = cruel and unusual punishment) -
Standford v. Kentucky
Case that sanctioned the imposition of the death penalty on offenders at least 16 years of age at the time of the crime. -
Roper v. Simmons
Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment on any persons under the age of 18. -
Serious juvenile crimes increase significantly