CAPS4360 Karam - History of topic

By akaram

  • Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency advocates the separation of juvenile and adult offenders.

  • First Juvenile Court Established in Cook County, Illinois.

    Key element was the focus on the child's welfare, the state believed they needed to provide proteciton for such "troubled" children.

  • 32 states establish juvenile courts and/or probation services.

    They believed rather than punishing delinquents, juvenile courts sought to turn them into productive "cured" citizens through treatment.

  • People begin to question the ability of the juvenile court to succeed in rehabilitating the troubled youth.

    Treatment was usually ineffective and there were many repeat crimes after youths' release.

  • Supreme Court requires juvenile courts become more formal and "law abiding" like adult criminal system

  • Juvenile Deliquency Prevention and Control Act of 1968

    Recommended children charged with noncriminal offenses be handled outside the court system.

  • Juvenile Justive and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974

    Required deinstitutionalization of status offenders and non-offenders as well as the separation of juvenile delinquents from adult offenders.

  • Congress adds requirement that juveniles be removed from adult lock up facilities.

  • Thompson v. Oklahoma

    Rules that it was a violation of the 8th Amendment to execute an offender who was fifteen years old at the time of the offense. (death penatly under age 16 = cruel and unusual punishment)

  • Standford v. Kentucky

    Case that sanctioned the imposition of the death penalty on offenders at least 16 years of age at the time of the crime.

  • Roper v. Simmons

    Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment on any persons under the age of 18.

  • Serious juvenile crimes increase significantly