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What happened: The first military clashes of the Revoltuion. British troops were met by armed colonists. Shots were fired---- " the Shots heard 'round the World," Significance: Officially began the American Revolution. Colonists proved they were willing to fight for independence.
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What happens; Paul Revere and William Dawes rode throught the countryside warning that British troops were marching to seize colonial weapons in Concord. Significance: His warning allowed the colonial militias to prepare, directly leading to the first battles of the Revoution. -
What Happened: Colonial militia fortified Breed’s Hill. The British attacked repeatedly, eventually taking the ground after colonists ran low on ammunition. Significance: Although technically a British victory, it showed the colonists could stand up to the powerful British army. Boosted colonial confidence. -
What Happened: Written mainly by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration was approved by the Second Continental Congress, stating that the colonies were free from British rule. Significance: Formally declared American independence and outlined the principles of liberty and self-government.
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What Happened: Thomas Paine wrote pamphlets to inspire soldiers and colonists during the darkest days of the war, beginning with “These are the times that try men’s souls.” Significance: Lifted American morale and encouraged soldiers to stay and fight despite hardships.
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What Happened: After crossing the Delaware, Washington’s troops defeated the Hessian forces. Nearly 1,000 Hessians were captured. Significance: Boosted American morale and inspired more men to enlist in the Continental Army.
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What Happened: The British captured Philadelphia after winning at the Battle of Brandywine and defeating Washington again at Germantown. Significance: Although a loss for the Americans, it showed Washington’s army could regroup and continue fighting. -
What Happened: American forces under General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold defeated the British, forcing General Burgoyne to surrender. Significance: Turning point of the war—convinced France to openly ally with the Americans.
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What Happened: Washington’s army camped at Valley Forge in harsh conditions. Many soldiers suffered from cold, hunger, and disease. Baron von Steuben trained the troops in European military tactics. Significance: Despite suffering, the army came out stronger, more disciplined, and unified.
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What Happened: George Washington led Continental soldiers across the icy Delaware River to surprise attack the Hessians in Trenton. Significance: Bold move that restored hope and gave the Continental Army a crucial victory. -
What Happened: Washington, with French allies, surrounded British General Cornwallis at Yorktown. After weeks of siege, Cornwallis surrendered. Significance: Last major battle of the Revolution—convinced Britain to negotiate peace.
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What Happened: Treaty signed between Britain and the United States, officially ending the Revolutionary War. Britain recognized American independence. Significance: Confirmed U.S. independence and set its boundaries, officially creating the new nation.