-
The Alchemists created the theory that it's possible to change base metals into gold and all metals are made of sulfur and mercury.
Fun Fact: Their motto was "I am the master of the Universe!" -
Democritus theorized that atoms make up all matter and are homogeneous.
Fun Fact: He is considered to be the "Father of Modern Science." -
Plato introduced the idea that ideal geometric forms serve as atom in the atomic theory.
Fun Fact: Plato is a nickname; his real name is Aristocles. -
Robert Boyle invented the idea that an element is only an element if it cannot be broken down into 2 or more different substances.
Fun Fact: Robert Boyle was born to one of the richest families in Britain. -
Antoine Lavoisier created the theory that states matter can't be created or destroyed but can change into a new form, also known was the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Fun Fact: He was the first person to prove matter may change its shape but never its mass. -
The Billiard Ball Model was proposed by Democritus and represents the atom as an invisible ball. It is the least complex model. -
John Dalton claimed that in order for something to be an atom, it cannot be destroyed, created, or divided. However, his claim on the divisibility of atoms was proven wrong after the discover that atoms could be divided into protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Fun Fact: John Dalton was a Quaker -
Amedeo Avogadro discovered that in the form of molecules with individual atoms joined together, elements could exist.
Fun Fact: He was 6 children with Felicita Mazze of Biella -
Dmitri Mendeleev formulated the Periodic Law and Periodic Table of Elements.
Fun Fact: He had more than 10 siblings, though the exact number isn't known. -
Pierre and Marie Curie invented the definition of the spontaneous emission of ionizing, penetrating rays by certain atoms, radioactivity.
Fun Fact: The got married to each other in 1895. -
JJ Thompson discovered the electron, the negatively charged, subatomic particle.
Fun Fact: He won a noble prize is 1906 -
The Plum Pudding Model was proposed by Sir Joseph John JJ Thomas and represents the electron, as a negatively charged plum, surrounded by a volume of positive charge, or a positively charged pudding. -
Albert Einstein analyzed a way to predict the size of atoms and molecules mathematically.
Fun Fact: He had a violin named Lina. -
Robert Millikan discovered all nuclei are positively charged and contained protons, the positively charged particles in the nucleus. -
Ernest Rutherford discovered an atom's mass is mostly located in its nucleus and atoms are mostly empty.
Fun Fact: He was knighted in 1914. -
Neils Bohr created a model that represented an atom through electrons orbiting around a positively charged nucleus. The model was called the Atomic Model.
Fun Fact: He and his son, Aage, both won Noble Prizes. -
Henry G. J. Mosely, using x-rays, discovered each element's atomic number.
Fun Fact: He enlisted in the army in 1914 when World Wat 1 broke out. -
The Solar System Model was invented by Neils Bohr and represents how electrons orbit the nucleus in the same way planets orbit the sun in the solar system. -
James Chadwich discovered the neutron, the neutrally charged particle, in 1932 and the proton, the positively charged particle, in 1919.
Fun Fact: He, out of 4 children, was the eldest. -
Werner Heisenberg used the Uncertainty Principle to calculate the behavior of electrons in the atom.
Fun Fact: He was the Professor or Physics and the University of Berlin during World War 2. -
Erwin Schrodinger discovered the movement of the electrons in an atom was a wave of motion. -
The Electron Cloud Model was invented by Erwin Schrodinger and represents the model of an atom, where the nucleus is small but massive compared to the cloud of rapidly moving electrons surrounding it.