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Dalton’s Atomic Theory, John Dalton
John Dalton was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist that lived in the United Kingdom. Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks. While all atoms of an element were identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass. Dalton also believed atomic theory could explain why water absorbed different gases in different proportions -
Cathode Ray Tube, J.J Thomson
J.J Thomson was a British physicist that lived in Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom. Over the course of three experiments J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of electrons. He did this using a cathode ray tube, which is a vacuum-sealed tube with a cathode and anode on one end that create a beam of electrons travelling towards the other end of the tube. -
Plum Pudding Atomic Model, J.J Thomson
J.J Thomson first proposed the Plum Pudding Model after the discovery of the “Electron.” The plum pudding model depicts the electrons as negatively-charged particles embedded in a sea of positive charge. The structure of Thomson's atom is analogous to plum pudding, an English dessert. -
Gold Foil Experiment, Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford was a British physicist that lived in New Zealand. Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment lead to his establishment of the nuclear theory of the atom. When he shot a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, a few of the particles were deflected. He concluded that a tiny, dense nucleus was causing the deflections. -
Rutherford Model, Ernest Rutherford
Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909 which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect. Rutherford's new model[1] for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume in comparison to the rest of the atom and with this central volume. This region would be known as the "nucleus" of the atom. -
Bohr Planetary Model, Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist that lived in Denmark. The Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the negatively charged electrons orbit a small, positively charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the sun .The gravitational force of the solar system is the representation of the force between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons. -
Quantum Mechanical Model, Erwin Schrodinger
Erwin Schrodinger was an Austrian-Irish physicist that lived in Austria. The quantum mechanical model is based on quantum theory, which says matter also has properties associated with waves. According to quantum theory, it’s impossible to know the exact position and momentum of an electron at the same time. This is known as the Uncertainty Principle. The quantum mechanical model of the atom uses complex shapes of orbitals, volumes of space in which there is likely to be an electron. -
Electron Cloud Model, Erwin Schrodinger
The electron cloud model says that we cannot know exactly where an electron is at any given time, but the electrons are more likely to be in specific areas. These areas are specified by orbitals. The orbitals are specified by shells and sub-orbitals. In the Bohr model, electrons are assigned to different shells. Schrödinger and Werner Heisenburg (1901-1976) mathematically determined regions in which electrons would be most likely found
