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In 1803 John Dalton combined nitric oxide over a closed vessel of water and he observed that they combine.John Dalton conclusion is that he made the theory of everthing is made of atoms.
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JJ thomson expiremented with Cathode ray tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons. all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons.
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Neil Bohr experimented that physical quantities only take discrete value. Then he proposed a model of the atom in which the electron was able to occupy only certain orbits around the nucleus.
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Ernest Rutherford's most famous experiment is the gold foil experiment. A beam of alpha particles was aimed at a piece of gold foil. Most alpha particles passed through the foil, but a few were scattered backward. This showed that most of the atom is empty space surrounding a tiny nucleus. His final theory is atoms have nucleus.