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Antoine Lavoisier
Experiment:phlogiston experiment
Contribution:Known as the father of chemistry because everything he has done. -
Thomas Young
English physician and physicist who established the principle of interference of light and thus resurrected the century-old wave theory of light. -
John Dalton
Ideas & experiments:1. All matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.2. Atoms can’t be broken into smaller particles.3. Atoms of the same element are alike.4. Atoms join together in fixed ratios.
Contributions:all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.- atoms of the same element are alike. -
Heinrich Hertz
Experiment:For his radio wave transmitter he used a high voltage induction coil, a condenser and a spark gap - whose poles on either side are formed by spheres of 2 cm radius - to cause a spark discharge between the spark gap’s poles oscillating at a frequency determined by the values of the capacitor and the induction coil.
Contribution:Confirmed the Existence of Electromagnetic Radiation -
Joseph John Thomson
Ideas & experiments:1"Plum pudding theory’
2.discovery of the electron and of isotopes
Contributions:Atom is made up of a positively charged particle with tiny electrons scattered throughout the atom like raisins in a plum pudding.
Nobel Prize in Physics
He also recieved the Nobel Prize in Physics -
Marie and Pierre Curie
Experiment:Put the Curie electrometer to use in measuring the faint currents that can pass through air that has been bombarded with uranium rays. The moist air in the storeroom tended to dissipate the electric charge, but she managed to make reproducible measurements.
Nobel Prize in Physics
Contribution: Discovered Polonium and Radium. -
Max Planck
Ideas andExperimenst: A scientific philosopher Planck's Principle was that "A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it."
Contribution: Planck, a German physicist, is considered the founder of the quantum theory.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Albert Einstein
Experiment:Einstein performed the experiment which involved taking the temperatures atop and near a device. Einstein also stripped the device down to its Faraday cage. In both cases, Einstein observed a positive temperature difference for a week in his study, and confirmed Reich's finding in a published letter.
He recieved the Nobel rpize in Physics
Contribution:: Introduces general theory of relativity -
Ernst Marsden
Experiment: Gold Foil Experiment
Contribution:Discovered the Proton -
Ernest Rutherford
Ideas & experiments:1Atom contained a dense nucleus containing all its positive charge.
Contributions:-Electrons could orbit a positively charged nucleus, like planets orbiting a sun.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry -
Niels Bohr
Ideas & experiments: 1.Shell model’- Electrons could circle a nucleus without radiating energy only in orbits.
2.The liquid drop model of the atomic nucleus
Contribution:developed an explanation of atomic structure that underlies regularities of the periodic table of elements.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Arthur Compton
Experiment:Arthur H. Compton observed the scattering of x-rays from electrons in a carbon target and found scattered x-rays with a longer wavelength than those incident upon the target.
Contribution:Discovered an effect that gave particle like behavior.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Louis de Broglie
Experiment:In 1913, Niels Bohr had developed a simple (though only partly correct) model for the hydrogen atom that assumed.
Contribution:He explained the discrete energy states of light emitted and absorbed by bound electrons in atoms or molecules. -
Werner Heisenberg
Experiment/Idea:Formulated his matrix mechanics version of quantum mechanics as a superior formulation of Neils Bohr's old quantum theory.
Cotribution:Uncertainty Principle which states the the exact location and energy of an electron cannot be determined simultaneously.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Wolfgang Pauli
he found out the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers. -
Irene Joliet-Curie
Experiment:used their strong polonium alpha source to further investigate Bothe’s penetrating radiation. They found that this radiation ejected protons from a paraffin target.
Contribution:Lead to the discovery of the positron and the neutron.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry -
Paul Dirac
Experiment:An Equation had solutions for negative particle mass, from which Dirac concluded that each particle should have an anti-particle. This and other consequences of the equation were subsequently confirmed by experiment.
Contribution:elaborated a method for deriving the equation of motion from quantum mechanics, and a few months later he clearly defined a number of concepts that were to play a major role in the field.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Hans Geige
Experiment:The Plum Pudding Model
Contribution:Discovered the atomic nucleus. -
James Chadwick
Ideas & experiments:Discovered neutrons
Contribution to our understanding of the atom: Discovered negative charge in atoms.
Nobel Prize in Physics, -
Carl Anderson
Ideas and Experiments:He photographing the track of a cosmic ray particle in a cloud chamber. The track had an unusual curvature, and he deduced that it could only be produced by a particle “carrying a positive charge but having a mass of the same order of magnitude as that normally possessed by a free negative electron.He called this positively-charged electron a positron
Contribution: He discovered the Positron.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Enrico Fermi
Experiment:In one experiment he bombarded boron with alpha particles converting some of it to nitrogen then confirming that the radioactivity from the boron transferred to the nitrogen. This method was also effective on aluminum but not on heavier elements due to the low energy of alpha particles.
Contribution:Development on the nuclear reactor.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Otto Frisch
Experiment:Frisch developed a device for rapidly moving a sample from a radioactive source to the vicinity of a cloud chamber, and used it to discover two new radioactive isotopes.
Contribution: Discovered two new isotopes. -
Richard Feynman
Experiment:The Feynman Double Slit
Contribution:Developed a theory of quantum electrodynamics that described the interaction of electrons, positrons, and photons.
Nobel Prize in Physics -
Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig
Ideas:Gell-Mann's and Zweig's quark theory solved these problems. Over the last thirty years, the theory that is now called the Standard Model of particles and interactions has gradually grown and gained increasing acceptance with new evidence from new particle accelerators.
Nobel Prize in Physics
Cotribution: Discovered Quarks
