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Aristotle taught this
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Democritus discovered the atom in 370bc
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Antonie Lavosier discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and opposed the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature.
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Joseph Proust discovered the law of constant composition
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John Dalton had this idea
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J.J. Thomson discovered the electron.
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Madame Curie discovered two new elements, radium and polonium.
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Albert einstein created the theory of relativity, which laid the basis for the release of atomic energy
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Ernest Rutherford found a massive positively charged center of the atom
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Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory that energy is transferred only in certain well-defined quantities.
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Henry Moseley justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra
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Max Planck best known as the originator of the quantum theory of energy
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Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment helped to quantify the charge of an electron, which contributed greatly to our understanding of the structure of the atom and atomic theory.
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Werner Heisenberg contributed to the atomic theory by including quantum mechanics,
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Erwin Schrodinger used mathematical equations to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position.
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Louis deBroglie best known for his research on quantum theory and for predicting the wave nature of electrons.
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James Chadwick interpreted this radiation as being composed of particles with a neutral electrical charge and the approximate mass of a proton. This particle became known as the neutron.