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Ptolemy set up a solar system model in which the sun, stars, and other planets revolved around the Earth.
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Eratosthenes used the sun to measure the size of the round Earth. Eratosthenes measurement of 24,660 miles was only 211 miles off the true measurement.
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Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who put forth the theory that the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun. This is called the heliocentric, or Sun-centered, system.
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Brahe built instruments to set accurate sights on the stars, and he invented the telescope by aiming to confirm his own picture of the universe.
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Kelper famous discovery was that the planets move around the Sun in orbits shapes liked ellipses.
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Newton was famous for the law of forces, specifically gravity.
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A solar eclipse has allowed scientists to observe phenomena predicted by Einstein's general relativity theory, and news of the theory's confirmation is announced at a ceremonial meeting of the Royal Society of London. Einstein becomes famous.