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Opium Wars
As the Qing Dynasty started to fall it would result in European victories over the empire. This would force the Qing Dynasty to follow European and western rules. As they became weaker they would also lose tributary states of their own.This was important becuase it allowed for Europe to take over more of weakened China. -
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Russo-Japanese War
The main cause of the Russo-Japanese War was the territorial claims both countries made and the Empire of Korea. Japan would have led a surprise attack. -
Second Balkan War
The second conflict erupted when the Balkan allies Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria quarreled over the partitioning of their conquests. The result was a resumption of hostilities in 1913 between Bulgaria and Serbia. Balkan League each had turned on each other on the division of the territory. -
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Zaian War
Germany and the Ottomans attempted to disrupt French rule in North Africa, leading to war. The war would be fought between France and tribes in Morocco. -
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East African Campaign
British troops had attacked German outposts. This had led to a full-on war for control of the East African coast. Most of the fighting was done over a four year period between European officers and black African troops. -
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Bosnian nationalist Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand. On July 23, Austria- Hungary issues an ultimatum to the Serbian government blaming them for acts of terrorism. Five days later Austria-Hungary would declare war on Serbia. -
Sinking of Lusitania
The killing of so many innocent people by the German boat caused outrage in many countries of the world. Support for the Allies against Germany grew in many countries including the United States. Along with the sinking of unarmed American merchant ships in 1917 which led to the declaration of war against Germany. -
Russian Revolution
During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, seized power and destroyed the tradition of tsarist rule. The Bolsheviks would later become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. -
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Russian Civil War
The war was fought between Bolsheviks and the white army to take control of Russia. The formation of single-party systems was created. The Russian Civil War ended in 1923 when we see the establishment of the Soviet Union. -
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Chinese Civil War
Mao tries to fight feudalism using guerrilla warfare. Western power back the ROC and the Soviet Union back Mao. As the Japanese invade Machurchia in 1931 we see a weakening in the ROC. In 1934 there is a March under Mao where mass migration of communists are moving away. This war was important because we saw the differences in the opinions of governments and a war was fought to determine that. -
Crisis of 1928
The crisis of 1928 can be seen as a pivotal economic event. Under the Soviet Union Stalin would order police and political party officials to seize surplus produce from agrarian peasants by force. -
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First Five Year Plan
In the Soviet Union under the well know Joseph Stalin we see the First Five Year Plan. In his plan, Stalin focuses on the expansion of military production, state quotas for industrial production, and the required import of foreign machinery. The plan would result in a fifty percent increase determined a success. -
Stock Market Crash
Stock pricing had slowly started to plummet. As of October 29, 1929 investors were beginning to take investments out of the market. Many people would lose their investments and savings due to this crisis. Between 1929-1932 the value of global trade would decrease by 2/3, factories would stop production, and food prices would decline, placing farmers in danger also. -
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression can be seen as one of the worst downturns in our industrialized world. Faced with the challenges we see Roosevelt step into a political role at this time. President Roosevelt establishes a new deal policy known for creating relief for the poor and trying to rebuild our economy. -
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Second Five Year Plan
The second five-year plan gave heavy industry top priority, putting the Soviet Union not far behind Germany as one of the major steel-producing countries in the world. Further improvements were made in communications, especially railways, which became faster and more reliable. Also, there was a relaxation on the quotas previously given. -
17th Party Congress
The 17th Party Congress was the creation of 200,000 farm cooperatives. The Soviet bureaucracy aimed to extract the greatest possible yields at the lowest price where they removed incentives for farming . Lastly, peasants even slaughtered livestock and destroyed equipment instead of turning it over to the state. -
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Great Purge
The Great Purge was a brutal political campaign led by Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin to eliminate dissenting members of the Communist Party and anyone else he considered a threat. The purge removed many high-ranking military officials and targeted nationalist leaders in the republics. -
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Second Sino-Japanese War
Japanese Empire seeks to expand into China. China resisted the attack leading to a war in which Japan would surrender. -
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The Holocaust
Hilter's creation at the time would be based on Social Darwinism and Anti-Semitism. During this time an estimated ten million people were killed based on Hilter's beliefs about Jews, Catholics, handicaps, and even homosexuals at the time. Under Hilter, we also see the creation of gas chambers, ghettos, and concentration camps for work. -
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Greek Civil War
The Greek Civil war can be broken into two-stage conflicts during which Greek communists unsuccessfully tried to gain control of Greece. The first stage of the civil war began only months before Nazi Germany's occupation of Greece. The war in all would threaten the balance in Europe, the Kingdom of Greece was supported by the United States. In the end, communists were defeated but an outbreak of arms race increaseed. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was a United States program designed to rehabilitate the economies of European countries in order to create stable conditions. This plan was set in place after the second world war to modernize industry and advocate for free trade. This plan was important because it establish an economy for the U.S goods as well. -
First Arab-Israeli War
On May 15 Arab Liberation Army would invade Palestine Israel would do a good job at holding its ground acquiring around 60% of Palestine's land. Israel would end up declaring and regaining their independence after the end of the series of wars. -
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Korean War
The formation of two Korean nations formed: The Democratic Peoples's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea. After the first world war, the Soviet Union liberates the north and U.S the south. With secret protection from the Soviet Union Kim Sung leads and attacks South Korea. In July 1953 a cease-fire would be signed. -
Death of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was found dead inside his home. After his death, he was succeded by Nikita Khrushchev leading to what we can call the beginning of the end of the Soviet Union. After Stalin's death, there was a major hope to improve the Soviet Union from what it was and gain as much power as it could. -
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Algerian War of Independence
The movement for independence began during World War I and gained momentum after French promises of greater self-rule in Algeria went unfulfilled after World War II. We saw a rise in self-determination from the rise of nationalist ideology. -
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a long conflict in Southeast Asia. It began in 1954, after the country of Vietnam was split into two parts, North Vietnam and South Vietnam. North Vietnam wanted to reunite the country under Communism, and its political and economic system. South Vietnam fought to keep this from happening. The United States would become involved as they were an ally of South Vietnam. -
Hungarian Revolt
Nikita S. Khrushchev ordered the Red Army to put down the Hungarian uprising by force. Soviet troops attacked and abolished the independent national government. Hungary was immediately subjected to merciless repression, and hundreds of thousands of Hungarians fled to the West. The Hungarians protested their lack of freedoms. -
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Suez Crisis
The Suez Canal was when Britain along with France and Israel invaded Egypt to recover control of the Suez Canal. This displayed importance arguably due to the fact it was one of the most significant episodes in post-1945 British history. Its outcome highlighted Britain's declining status and confirmed it as a 'second-tier world power. This decision was made by these countries in a military action to overthrow Nasser. -
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Great Chinese Famine
The Great Chinese Famine was a period of low agricultural production, food shortages, and mass starvation in China, from 1959 to 1961. The declines in food production would result in the death of about 15-55 million people. Those who survived would become affected by malnutrition and must deal with those consequences. This event was important because it was considered very devastating to China and would result in the Great Leap Forward. -
The Green Revolution of India
The Green Revolution was agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology, such as the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanized farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers. The green revolution would allow for great economic prosperity leading to increases if production. -
Six-Day War
The Six- Day War was between Israel and the Arab countries of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Palestinian guerrilla attacks on Israel from bases in Syria led to increased hostility between the two countries. Israel Defense Forces launched preemptive air strikes that crippled the air forces of Egypt and its allies. A series of miscalculations by both sides followed leading to the fast ending of the war through a ceasefire. -
Yom Kippur War
On the holiest day, Egypt would lead a coordinated attack against Israel. Nasser would die in 1970 affecting Egypt deeply. Egypt was suffering weak economy, low morale, and complicated relationships with the Arab world, but it did have a significant impact on the trajectory of an eventual peace process between Egypt and Israel. -
1973 Oil Crisis
During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed an embargo against the United States in retaliation for the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military and to gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations. The oil ban leads to oil increases of over 300%. -
Civil War in Angola
The war began right after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The Civil War was mostly a fight for power between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. In the 70s the Cuban government withdrew and mpla distanced from the Soviet Union. -
Fall of Saigon
The phrase 'the fall of Saigon' refers to the takeover of the city by the Viet Cong two years later on 30 April 1975. It became a symbol of the war's failure. The US was forced to abandon its embassy in the city and evacuate. This event marked the end of the Vietnam war. -
Federal Superfund Act
U.S. government fund intended to pay for the cleanup of hazardous waste dump sites and spills. The 1980 act creating it called for financing by a combination of general revenues and taxes on polluting industries liability requires the parties to pay damages for the clean-up of the sites. -
Chernobyl Disaster
On April 26, 1986, a sudden surge of power during a reactor systems test destroyed Unit 4 of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in the former Soviet Union. The accident and the fire that followed released massive amounts of radioactive material into the environment. Emergency crews responding to the accident used helicopters to pour sand and boron on the reactor debris. -
Fall of Soviet Union
By 1989 reductions in the Soviet Union's military spending paved the way for nationalist movements in Eastern Bloc. Conservatives at the time felt that Gorbachev's reforms were too rapid. In late 1990 Yeltsin was elected and would announce that Russian law would supersede the Soviet Union law. On August 24 Gorbachev would resign and disbanded the Central Committee of the Communist Party. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre
The protests were precipitated by the death of pro-reform Chinese Communist Party general secretary Hu Yaobang in April 1989. The massacre was an important event in the historic site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The massacre included hunger strikes along with labor strikes. -
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Gulf War
Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation's large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait and expanding Iraqi power in the regions. As a response, the UN Security Council and NATO forces marshaled together a military coalition, led primarily by the United States. -
Balkan Wars
The Balkan wars started in Croatia in 1991 and the conflict spilled over into Bosnia in 1992. There were human rights abuses on all sides, but Serbian security forces and Serbian irregulars took the lead in horrific massacres, ethnic cleansing, torture, rapes, and the use of concentration camps. Most of the Muslim population feared living under Muslim rule and declared their own independence. In 2002 Milosevic and hundred of others were charged with war crimes, -
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Operation Restore Hope in Somalia
The operation was sanctioned by the United Nations and led by the United States. During the operation restore, 38,000 soldiers from 23 countries were sent to monitor the ceasefire. Sept 1994 Somalia rebels shot down a US helicopter and dismembered the soldiers' bodies. Somalia was in a civil war and many people were dying from hunger in this country. -
North American Free Trade Association
The North American Free Trade Association was created by Clinton in 1994. NAFTA went into effect in 1994 to boost trade, eliminate barriers, and reduce tariffs on imports and exports between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTA would help increase trade value and decrease the prices of groceries and oil drastically. -
9/11
A series of four suicide terrorist attacks coordinated against the United States by Al Qaeda. There were 19 terrorists who hijacked four commercial airlines which nearly 3,000 deaths and 25,000 injuries with a total of 10 billion dollars in damage. Al Qaeda was deemed responsible for the event that took place. -
US Invasion of Iraq
The United State's invasion of Iraq deposed Saddam Hussein under suspicion of an Iraqi WMD program. Iraq was occupied by the US until 2011 and a democratic regime established in 2005 and Iraq has continued to face significant political stability. The war lost public support. Saddam was captured, tried, and hanged and democratic elections were held.