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May 18, 642
Arab invasion
Arabs invaded modern-day Afghanistan and introduced Islam under Persian rule -
May 18, 1219
Genghis Kahn
Genghis Kahn established Afghanistan as part of Mongol Empire -
Afghanistan established
Ahmad Shah Durran establishes Afghanistan -
First Afghan War (British)
1839 First British-Afghan War begins -
First Afghan War (British)
First British-Afghan War ends -
PDPA
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) forms--Marxist-Leninist -
Daoud Khan
before 1973: monarchy (Muhammad Zahir Shah-last Durrani monarchy); Daoud Khan, Shah's cousin, takes over -
Hisb-i Islami
Hisb-i Islami (Gulbuddin Hikmatyar-student at Kabul University) forms -
new constitution
Daoud develops new constitution w/ single party system -
Saur Revolution
1978: Nur Mohammed Taraki gains control of Kabul
Saur Revolution (Parcham and Khalq take over) -
Adolph Dubs, Hafizullah Amin
Adolph Dubs, Washington embassador, kidnapped/killed; Hafizullah Amin=prime minister, hold much of Taraki's power -
Russian Invasion
“Afghanistan= pawn” in Cold War rivalry -
Babrak Kamul
Hafizullah Amin mysteriously murdered, Soviets make Babrak Kamul new leader -
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Zbigniew Brzezinski (national security advisor) sent to negotiate with Pakistani leaders supporting Afghan resistance -
Olympic boycott
Moscow Olympics—American boycott -
mujahideen attack
mujahideen sent 107 mm rocket into DRA supply dump, pretty much destroying the Afghan capital -
Ghaffar attacks
Ghaffar ("the forgiver") led attacks that destroyed 3 MI-24 helicopters--> Soviet fear -
Michael Armacost, Osama military name
United States made it clear they weren't backing down, represented by Michael Armacost; bin Ladin fights with Islamic Unity Party of Abdul Rasul Sayaf against Soviets, makes a military name for himself -
Soviet American negotiations
Soviets and Americans meet to discuss future roles in Afghanistan; Russia agrees to withdrawal troops -
Soviet withdrawal
Soviet claim to withdrawal troops from Afghanistan -
Najibullah death
mujahideen take Kabul, kill Najibullah -
World Trade Center attack
first World Trade Center attack- bombing -
Taliban attack
Taliban hijacked 11 US airplanes simultaneously; Saudi Arabia and U.S. warn Sudan about bin Ladin -
Osama in Afghanistan, Taliban in control
Saudi/ U.S. forces bin Ladin out of Sudan--moves to Afghanistan; Taliban seizes control of Kabul, pipelines=>America (uses oil) -
bin Ladin interview
Osama interview with CNN-- admits to 1993 killing of 18 American soldiers in Somalia; Afghanistan in official state of isolation (exception of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and United Arab Emirates) -
embassy attacks
terrorist attacks on American embassies in Kenya, Tanzania -
counterterrorism group formed
joint working group (Russia/United States) on counterterrorism set up to oversee policy on institutions like Taliban -
USS Cole
attack against USS Cole -
terrorist attacks
Terrorist attack on United States: 2 planes into WTC twin towers, 1 into pentagon, 1 in Pennsylvnia -
Bush's goals
Bush announces the goals of the United States' actions abroad to Congress -
Executive Order 13244
Bush signs Executive Order 13244 -
U.S. official attacks
U.S. begins attacks on Afghanistan -
democratic election
Afghanistan held its first national democratic presidential election -
Hamid Karzai
Hamid Karzai was announced as the official president after October 9 election -
Karzai inauguration
Hamid Karzai inaugurated for a 5-year term -
Turkic Ghaznavids
Afghanistan conquered by the Turkic Ghaznavids -
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great entered part of Persian Empire, and established a Hellenistic state in Bactria (present-day Balkh). 328 BC, I didn't know how to change the day/month/era