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Evil Spirits
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In an attempt to heal, tribal doctors performed ceremonies to exorcise evil Spirits.
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-Digitalis is made from foxglove plant, this was used to strengthen and slow heartbeat
-Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. It controls fever, relaxes muscles, and helps prevent malaria
- Belladonna and atropine are made from poisonous nightshade plant. They relieve muscle spasms and helps prevent malaria with gastrointestinal pain.
-Morphine is made from the opium poppy, it is very addicting and used for severe pain when nothing else works -
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-Ancient Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records
- The priests acted as the physicians
-They used medicines to heal disease, but also called upon gods to heal them -
Acupuncture therapies treated a variety of the illness and disease with stone tools, they developed into the advanced practice of Chinese acupuncture, still common today -
-They were the first to study disease and they were also the first who studied that disease was natural, not spiritual causes.
-During ancient times religion customs did not allow the body’s of the dead to be dissected.
-Hippocrates was the father of medicine based on his knowledge of anatomy and physiology on observation of the external. -
-The Romans brought clean water into their by way of aqueducts. They built sewers to carry off waste. They built public baths with filter systems.
-They were the first to organize Medical care
-They would send equipment and physicians with their army’s to care for wounded soldiers. Physicians kept a room in their house for the ill. This started hospitals -
-They stopped medicine practice because they believed life and death was in the hands of God, the monks and priests had no interest in the body functions.
-The primary treatment was prayer, they would also use herbal mixtures to treat disease. -
Epidemics caused millions of deaths, Bubonic plague alone killed 60 million, disease including smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis were uncontrollable.
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-The building of universities
-The research for new ideas about disease rather than unquestioning acceptance of disease as the will of God
-The acceptance of dissection of body for study
-The development of the printing press and the publishing of books, allowing greater access to knowledge from research -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
He discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy
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He discovered the tube leading from the throat to the ear (Eustachian tube)
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William used this knowledge to understand physiology, he described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope, establishing there is lie smaller than the eye can see. He scraped his tongue and discovered the bacteria that causes teeth decay.
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He was born into early pharmacies, he engaged into trade of drugs and spices
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His discovery’s effect everyone in many ways. He discovered bifocals, and found that cold could be passed from person to person. -
Elizabeth Blackwell became the first female physician in the United States.
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Joseph discovered the element of oxygen, he also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it useable for respiration.
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Edward discovered the method of vaccination for smallpox, he saved millions of lives
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Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope, first made out of wood.
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This came from cultured, middle-class family who opposed her interest in the caring for the ill. During the Crimean War, she took a group of 38 woman to care for soldiers dying from cholera.
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Ignaz identified the cause of childbed fever. Many woman died from this fever after giving birth. -
Known as the “Father of Microbiology” he discovered microorganisms were everywhere. He proved they caused diseases. He also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria. He created a vaccine for rabies in 1885.
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He discovered in Russia that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with microscope. They are viruses. -
He discovered that microorganisms cause infection, he used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. He became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.
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He developed asepsis, he knew from Listers and Pasteur that germs caused infections in wounds. He developed a way to keep surgery spaces clean from bacteria, this was the beginning of asepsis.
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He discovered many disease-causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. He introduced the cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease.
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He discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. He completed 606 experiments and on the 606th trial he found a treatment for diseases that worked.
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He discovered x-rays.
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Early physicians used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve pain from surgery. Many people choked and died. That’s when they discovered anesthesia to help with surgery. Putting patients to sleep. -
He found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. This was one of the most important discovery’s of the 20th century.
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He discovered the conscious and unconscious part of the mind. This led to the understanding of psychosomatic illness. Study of psychology. And psychiatry.
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He discovered sulfonamide compounds. These changed the medical practice by killing many diseases.
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He discovered that a dead polio could still cause immunity to poliomyelitis
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Albert Sabin used a live polio virus vaccine for Salks virus. This is used today to immunize babies against dreaded disease.
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They discovered the molecular structure of DNA. This came with rapid advancements in molecular biology.
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He performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968
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He continues to be a pioneer at separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgery’s on the brain to stop seizures.
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- Health care providers are now using electronic communicators to send important medical information to patients or another health care provider. This helps with getting patients information faster and to have greater communication.
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The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient. -
5 Advancements in Medicine’s today:
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Doctors being able to provide health and care for unborn fetuses
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Being able to stop someone from getting a disease or cancer based on genetic material. -
Doctors have discovered so many new procedures and medicine, this is causing people to live longer and healthier. They are also making many new facilities on assisted living with developing physical, emotional, herbal therapy, and mental needs of senior citizens.