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Jan 1, 1517
Luther Strarts the Reformation
Luther saw himself as a great reformer and didnt agree with the churches idea that freedom of sin could be purchased with money. He soon began his own teachings and writings. Pope Leo X demanded him to withdraw his teachings and writings. Luther denied his and was excommunicated by the people and the pope and was forced into hiding. After lutherism was finalized and was a religion and people that finalized it were lutherans. -
Period: Nov 15, 1517 to
Scientific Revolution
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Jan 1, 1542
Publication of "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"
This book was printed a little before Copernicus's
death which he explained the helicentric theory. This theory stated that the earth which is part of teh solar system orbited the sun; that was in the
middle. The book ended up in Prague, where it was rediscovered and studied in the 19th century. -
Jan 1, 1543
Death of Copernicus
Nicolaus died on May 24th 1543, he the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology, which
displaced the Earth from the center of the universe. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo is born
Galileo was born in Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy, the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a famous lutenist, composer, and music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati. Four of their six children survived infancy, and the youngest Michelangelo (or Michelagnolo) also became a noted lutenist and composer. -
Galileo's discoveries with the telescope. "The Starry Messenger"
In the Starry Messenger Galileo reported that stars appeared as mere blazes of light, essentially unaltered in appearance by the telescope, and contrasted them to planets which the telescope revealed to be disks. However, in later writings he described the stars as also being disks, whose sizes he measured. According to Galileo, stellar disk diameters typically measured a tenth the diameter of the disk of Jupiter (one five-hundredth the diameter of the sun), although some were somewhat larger an -
Galileo Publishes "Letters on Sunspots"
Letters on Sunspots, published in Rome in 1613. The Letters were written to the wealthy Augsburg Magistrate Mark Wesler, a well-known patron of the new sciences. In his Letters, Galileo correctly identifies sunspots as markings on the solar surface, as opposed to small intramercurial planets. By studying the position of sunspots on successive days Galileo also inferred that the Sun rotates, and established its rotation period as close to one lunar month. -
Galileo publishes "Dialogues Concerning the Two Principal Systems of the World"
Galileo Publishes this book and the book gets immediatley banned. It was a 1632 Italian language book by Galileo Galilei comparing the Copernican system with the traditional Ptolemaic system -
Trial of Galileo
In the 1633 trial of Galileo Galilei, two worlds come into cosmic conflict. Galileo's world of science and humanism collides with the world of Scholasticism and absolutism that held power in the Catholic Church. The result is a tragedy that marks both the end of Galileo's liberty and the end of the Italian Renaissance. -
Newton publishes Philosopiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
The 'Principia' deals primarily with massive bodies in motion, initially under a variety of conditions and hypothetical laws of force in both non-resisting and resisting media, thus offering criteria to decide, by observations, which laws of force are operating in phenomena that may be observed. It attempts to cover hypothetical or possible motions both of celestial bodies and of terrestrial projectiles