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First publicly supported schools in America!
They were established due to religious motives. -
The First Amendment!
Specified that "Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..." -
Cantwell v. Connecticut
Cantwell and his two sons were found guilty of violating the common law offense of inciting a breach of peace. -
Everson v. Board of Education
was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which applied the religion clauses in the country's Bill of Rights to state as well as federal law. -
Religious Instruction
Religious instruction set aside during school hours was declared unconstitutional. -
Release-time
This is religious education that took place off school grounds. -
Engle v. Vitale
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools. -
Lemon v. Kurtzman
The Supreme Court unanimously (7-0) found that direct government assistance to religious schools was unconstitutional. -
Lemon v. Kurtzman
The Supreme Court announced a three-part test to evaluate establishment clause claims in Lemon v. Kurtzman. -
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Three Amish families sued the state of Wisconsin over its requirement that children be enrolled in school until the age of sixteen. -
Stone v. Graham
Was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that a Kentucky statute requiring the posting of a copy of the Ten Commandments, purchased with private contributions, on the wall of each public classroom in the State, was unconstitutional, in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, because it lacked a secular legislative purpose. -
Wallace v. Jaffee
A student's parent sued alleging that this law violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because it forced students to pray and basically exposed them to religious indoctrination. -
Ten Commandments!
The Supreme Court declared a Kentucky law unconstitutional that required the posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms. -
Mozert v. Hawkins
School children and their parents brought action seeking injunctive relief and money damages for alleged violation of their First Amendment right to free exercise of religion. -
Newdow v. United States
Michael Newdow appeals a judgment dismissing his challenge to the constitutionality of the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag. Newdow argues that the addition of these words by a 1954 federal statute to the previous version of the Pledge of Allegiance (which made no reference to God) and the daily recitation in the classroom of the Pledge of Allegiance, with the added words included, by his daughter's public school teacher are violations of the Establishment Clause of the