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These riots were perpetrated by white citizens who didn't want to fight in what they saw as a war for black freedom.
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In February of 1864 off-duty black soldiers were attacked in Zanesville. This was one of many attacks in northern cities.
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In September of 1868 the Georgia Legislature voted to expell all of its black members, officially ending reconstruction in Georgia.
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After 1876 the numbers of black in congress would shrink drastically from it Restoration Era numbers, with the last black legislator leaving in 1901.
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The Supreme Court nullifies the Civil Rights acts of 1875 with is findings in a serise of cases, saying that it is only the state that is prohibited from descrimination, not private citizens such as those that run restaurants, and other businesses.
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This Supreme Court case established the Separate but Equal Standard