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Washington Conference of 1921
This conference lasted for nearly 3 months and was an attempt to prevent a potentially expensive naval arms race between United States, Britain, and Japan. At the conference Charles Hughes, the United States Secretary of State, proposed getting rid of 2 million tons of existing shipping. The nations came to terms through pacts.
Caption of photo: Delegates gather around to discuss naval armaments at the Washington Conference. -
Five Power Pact
The five power pact established limits for total naval tonnage and a ratio of armaments among the signatories at the Washington Conference. The limitations established were for every 5 tons of American and British warships, Japan would have 3, and France and Italy would have 1.67. -
Dawes Plan
This was a plan to receive the German economy, the US loans Germany money which then can pay for reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the US. -
Manchuria
The Japanese had grown paranoid of the growing power in China so they tried to forcefully change Chiang Kai-shek’s plans. When that failed, the Japanese military decided to invade Manchuria. Caption of Photo: Japanese invading the Chinese forcefully. -
Good Neighbor Policy
FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force in the region.
Description of photo: Franklin D. Roosevelt's Foreign policy. -
Holocaust
Jews were being transported to concentration camps in Poland and eastern Germany and were exterminated. About 6 million Jews are killed in this program.
Picture caption: Jews being kept in a concentration camp -
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
This act was authorized by Roosevelt to allow the administration to negotiate treaties by lowering tariffs by as much as 50 percent in return for reciprocal reductions by other nations. -
Italy invade Ethiopia
League of Nation protests to Italy on their preparation to invade Ethiopia. But Italy simply leaves the organization and continues on and invades to gain national power.
Picture Caption: Italy cornering Ethiopia from three directions and Ethiopia appealing to the League. -
Sino-Japanese War
Japan had a powerful military and a growing global trade. Japan wanted to expand their empire to gain more resources such as, fuel, raw materials, and land for agricultural needs. Japan invaded Manchuria and Marco Polo Bridge. -
Quarantine Speech
Roosevelt gave the speech claiming that the Japanese must back down so the war doesn't spread further more. The Japanese responded by bombing a US gunboat, Panay.
Picture Captoin: Roosevelt giving a speech -
Munich Conference
The leaders of France and Great Britain met in Munich, Germany to meet with Hitler to solve Germany’s problem of expanding territory. France and Britain agreed to aid Germany in getting part of Czechoslovakia if Germany agreed to no longer expand. Photo Caption: Hitler meeting with the leader of Britain and France. -
Manhattan Project
Code name for the United States atomic weapons research project.
Photo Description: The making of the first atomic bomb. -
Cash and Carry Policy
A policy adopted by the United States to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them. -
Neutrality Act
Designed to avoid American conflict in World War 2, by preventing loans to those countries taking part in conflict. They were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other allied nations. -
Fall of France
Germany invaded Denmark and Norway then proceeded to the Netherlands and Belgium until they reached deep into France. France tried to fight off Germany for as long as they could but eventually on June 22, France fell to the Germans. Photo Caption: Hitler standing near the Eiffel Tower in France. -
America First Committee
This committee was created in opposition to the Fight for Freedom Committee. It's chairman was General Robert E. Wood and members were prominent leaders like Charles Lindbergh, and Hugh Johnson. It had indirect support of Republican Party. -
Burke Wadworth Act
This was the first peacetime military draft in anticipation for World War 2. Internal preparations were necessary and this act was passed to have a plan in case of war. -
Tripartite Pact
An alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy created to discourage US from interfering the conflict -
Roosevelt's Third Inauguration
Roosevelt was elected into his third term as president. He represented the Democrats and had a strong foothold within the party. His opposition was Wendell Willkie, who was a businessman. Roosevelt won with 55% popular vote. Caption of Photo: This picture depicts Roosevelt on Capitol Hill delivering his inaugural address to begin his third term of presidency. -
USO
Founded by Roosevelt, this United States Organization recruited thousands of young women to serve as hostesses in their clubs. Many women also joined "dance brigades" and traveled to military bases for social evenings. -
Lend-Lease Bill
The Lend-Lease bill allowed Roosevelt to sell, lease, and lend and defense arms to any nation that it can be deemed vital to protect the United States. -
Germany invade USSR
Germany broke the 1939 Nazi-Soviet pact by invading Soviet Union. Roosevelt lend a hand the Soviet by extending the lend-lease program to them. -
Fair Employment Practice Commission
FDR established this initially to give fair employment to blacks, forbidding discrimination in war industries. -
Atlantic Charter
A joint declaration between the United States and Great Britain. Its goal was to create a vision for the postwar world and one of their main goals was to make it a nation’s right to choose its own government. Photo Caption: Franklin D Roosevelt with Winston Churchill. -
Shoot-On-Sight Policy
FDR extended support to Britain by protecting their ships from submarine attacks. Roosevelt ordered the Navy to attack all German ships on sight. This meant that the US was now fighting an undeclared naval war against Germany. -
Pearl Harbor
This was a surprise attack by the Japanese on the US main pacific fleet in Pearl Harbor, 18 US ships and 200 aircraft carriers. American losses were 3000 casualties, while Japanese losses were less than 100. In response to this tragic event, the US declared war on Japan and Germany entering World War 2.
Photo Description: The scene of the devastating attack on December 7th, 1941. -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Nonviolent civil rights organization founded in 1942 and committed to the "Double V" campaign, or victory over fascism abroad and racism at home. After World War II, CORE became a major force in the civil rights movement.
Photo Description: CORE demonstration -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Soviet defense successfully stopped the Germans from progressing into southern Russia but lost 20 million soldiers in the process. Picture caption:Soviet soldiers moving through the trenches -
Battle of Midway
The Japanese wanted to attack the US since they were outnumbered but the US was able to predict when they planned to attack. Since they knew when the Japanese wanted to attack, they had the advantage now and threw the Japanese off. Photo Caption: One of the navy ships being attacked. -
Guadalcanal
First major victory for the Allied forces after they took control of the air base. The communication between Australia and the US was key. Photo Caption: Soldiers running onto the Guadalcanal. -
Zoot Suit Riot
Riots that occurred mostly in Los Angeles between white Marines and young Mexican Americans. The Marines thought that the dress of "zoot suits" of the Mexican Americans was un-patriotic,even though about 300,000 Mexican Americans were in the armed forces.
Photo Description: Young teenagers wearing "Zoot Suits" in 1942 -
D-Day
The Allied Forces launched a combined naval, air and land assaults on Nazi-occupied France and gained a victory.
Picture caption: An american soldier being dragged to safety after surviving German attacks -
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Sea battle that crushed the Japanese and allowed the Allies to regain control of the Pacific and invade the Philippines. Photo Caption: Soldiers arriving in the Philippines. -
Roosevelt Elected for 4th Term
In the 1944 election, Roosevelt was suffering from arterioclorosis, yet still motivated to run for a fourth term as president alongside his vice president Harry S. Truman who was a chairman of the Senate War Investigating Committee. His opponent from the Republican Party was Thomas Dewy. Roosevelt won the election by a large amount of electoral votes. -
Korematsu vs. USA
This court case was monumental in determining that internment camps for Japanese-Americans was constitutional, though wrong in the eyes of Fred Koramatsu. When he refused to obey the wartime order to attend the internment camps and leave his home, he was arrested. He was the son of Japanese-American immigrant. -
Battle of Okinawa
Japan sent suicide planes against American and British ships and killed 50,000 Allies but lost Okinawa. -
Trinity Bomb
Los Alamos scientists tested an atomic bomb at the air force base in New Mexico. When the bomb was detonated, there was an extremely bright light and a heat wave. -
Bombing of Hiroshima
U.S. dropped the atomic bomb onto an industrial center in Hiroshima, instantly killing 80,000 civilians and many more later on suffering from radiation poisoning.
Picture caption: The ruins of the industrial center that was bombed in Hiroshima -
Bombing of Nagasaki
The bombing at Nagasaki killed nearly 60,000 to 80,000 people. Not everyone died right away, some people it took months due to radiation. However, the bombing at Hiroshima did more damage since it was a bigger city -
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler’s last major effort against the Western front. He tried to split the allies while they strove to get to Germany. During this war the US faced their most grand amount of casualties which was over 100,000. Photo Caption: Soldiers on their way to fight in France/Belgium.
