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In 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand decides to visit Bosnia, one of the most violence prone places in Europe. There, him and his wife are riding around the capital when a bomb is thrown at them. Luckily they are able to avoid it, but it ends up hitting pedestrians and they are sent to the hospital. The Archduke feels he must visit the people injured and their driver, Coopold Lojka, takes a wrong turn to the hospital as he does not know the area. Then him and his wife are shot and killed. -
Austria Hungary declared war on the Serbians in July of 1914. Days later, Russia began to mobilies its army to protect Serbia, which lead Germany to declare war on Russia to support its ally Austria Hungary. In August, France got involved and moved its army to help Russia causing Germany to declare war on France and move their troops into Belgium. Then the next day Britain declared war agasint Germany for violating Belgiums neutrality. -
The Russian army was inexperienced and went into war with little training. They had little weapons and no food. Tsar the Nicholas II wanted to lead, but he had no prior war experience. The Battle of Tannenburg Major ended up being a major defeat for Russia. They suffered very high casualties at the hands of Germany. The battle lasted between the 23rd and the 30th of August, the first month of the war. -
The first Battle of Marne was an offensive war during the war by the French army and the British against the Germans who had made advancements into Belgium and northeast France. The allies France and Great Britain ended up winning, the the battle was a bloody one with 80,000 French soldiers killed, 170,000 wounded and 1,700 British killed and 11,300 wounded. And 67,700 Germans killed and 182,000 wounded. -
Early on in the war, in April of 1915, the allied forces of Great Britain and France were on the Gallipoli peninsula in Ottoman, Turkey. They intended to occupy Constantinople, but were sadly mistaken. They tried to do this by water, but eh weather conditions did not permit this and so this operation was halted on February 19. It wasn't until March 18 that this process was continued again. However many ships had sunk and this bombardment turned into a flee operation. -
A German submarine torpedoed the British passenger liner Lusitania and 1,200 people perished including 1,200 Americans. Germany accused Britain and America of using passenger ships to secretly transport military supplies. The United States demanded reparations and an end to German attacks on unarmed passenger and merchant ships. Germany agreed, ordering its submarines to give passenger ships amble warning before firing on them -
Through February 21st to December 18th 1916 the longest and bloodiest battle of WWI ensued. 400,000 French casualties in 10 months of fighting and the Germans almost faced the same amount. Germany did not want to win the battle, but only wanted to weigh heavy on France's resources. Neither side gave up on the battle, but nobody won either. -
Through July 1st to November 16th, the British launched an attack in the Somme River area to pull the Germans away from Verdun. Both sides lost a great number of troops and the British suffered nearly 19,000 casualties on the first day. There was over one million casualties on both sides at the end of the 5 month battle. -
A coded message from Germany's foreign secretary to ask Mexico to join the war in return for an allegiance against America. Zimmerman hoped a conflict with Mexico would draw American supples and troops away from Europe if the U.S. was tied down on its southern border. Mexico refused to join the war. -
Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 and caused the Russian Revolution or the Bolshevik Revolution. As a result, there was no more eastern front and a new offensive front launched on the western front. This assault was launched in march of 1918. They got within 40 miles of Paris and lost 800,000 troops in the process. -
As a result of Germany's presumption that Britain and America were sending secretly military supplies and eventually sunk the Lusitania, President Wilson decided it was time to enter the war after hearing of the Zimmerman telegram. President Wilson decided to use the Lusitania as a point in his second term run for presidency, but once the American public soon learned what messages the Germans were trying to send, they were outraged. -
On October 24, 1917, the German and Austrio-Hungarian forces combined to achieve one of the most important victories in the war. They routed the Italians along the Isonzo River in northeastern Italy and amongst the battle more than 600,000 Italian soldiers were either deserted or surrendered. This spark a change in military command and the formation of a new ministry which reorganized the conditions of the home front. -
The official end to fighting on the 11th hour of the 11th day of november. Effects of the war included millions of casualties, the empire broke up, boundaries of the countries changed, and new nations formed. There was 9 million deaths of refugees of Europe on top of the total death total. 9 new nations were added to the map of Europe because of nationalism. Europe faced economic devastation after the world war and could not control or maintain colonies. -
From January 1919 to June 1919 delegates from 32 countries met for the Paris Peace Conference. Decisions for this conference were made by the big four, President Clemanceau from France, Prime Minister George from Great Britain, President Orlando from Italy and President Wilson from the United States. Because of disagreement, Italy and the United States left the conference, leaving Peace to be settled with France and Britain. France and Great Britain wanted to punish Germany. -
Europe's war effects included millions of casualties and their empire broke up. 9 million deaths was the total and cities destroyed by war had terrible living conditions. Because the empire broke up 9 new nations were added to the map of Europe. They suffered millions of dollars in damages and their allies wanted payback. Germany agreed to pay for all of the damages of the war.
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