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Customer lifestyles has shaped tourism demands and its transport industry through areas such as specialist tourism. For example, a noticeable increase in leisure has resulted in many tourists to develop their own holidays that are customized to them. Customer lifestyles have also changed demand as seasonal holidays and holiday entitlement become more prominent to both children and adults. Many are now travelling because of this, with the average working week being an average of "37 hours". -
Commuting has changed the way that many use transport in the passenger transport industry. It has been a key part of daily life since WW2, however, the increase in factors like motorisation has lowered the demand for this. Car ownership therfore increased because of this, and more people sort out privitisation that public transport couldnt offer. However, there was still an increasing demand for public transport after WW2 when rail services became scarce, where buses and trams were used. -
Emissions produced by the passenger transport industry has directly impacted the environment, with the increase of car ownership after WW2 fueling this growing issue. Despite this, the recognition of its impact on the environment over the years has shifted the transport industry into a more environmentally friendly system. For example, many parts of the passenger transport industry are striving to become emission free, through the introduction of electric vehicles such as buses. -
An increase in road-users around the UK has influenced the prospect of many motorways being 'Widened', with many having adapted to this change. However, this has presented many negative impacts on the environment, such as increased emissions and more congestion on the roads, defeating the reason for the change entirely. It has further impacted the passenger transport industry through increasing things such as commuting times. -
Protest camps have a detrimental impact on the passenger transport industry, and are usually organized by the public or activists to shine awareness on developments designed for the industry that will have a negative environmental impact. Since WW2 they have intercepted many project plans, such as 'Twyford Downs' which has effectively brought more awareness and education onto transport projects that pose a huge risk to the environment. -
Privatization within the passenger transport industry has developed significantly since WW2 came to an end. It affected many forms of transport, with the rail industry taking a huge hit. Instead of introducing better fares and competition the privatization of the rail industry lead to many huge franchises to fail and politized the railways indefinitely. These impacts have altered the way that the railways operate today, with many resulting in the rise of fares. -
The opening of the channel tunnel was a revolutionary development within the passenger transport industry in the UK. It was the mark of innovation connecting both England and France through an undersea tunnel. This innovation advanced commuting for many passengers through high-speed services, aiding not only tourists but business workers to and from overseas neighbours. It has influenced many new projects around the world, changing transport industries globally. -
Tax is used within the passenger transport industry in multiple ways, one common tax being APD. APD (Air Passenger Duty), it is a tax that raises money through flights, and is often determined through varying bands that differentiate based on factors like class and the distance you fly. Other taxes like congestion charges are used in the passenger transport industry, and are used in major cities. It is in place to reduce congestion and the amount of cars in busy areas during peak times. -
'Smart' motorways have developed the tourism industry vastly, shaping transport throughout the UK leading to an improvement in road safety and organization throughout. They have allowed for major routes such as the 'M25' to grow, increasing capacity and reducing traffic through numerous technological systems that monitor and co-ordinate them. Because of this domestic tourism has become more common throughout the UK, it is more accessible than ever with reduced journey times due to this. -
Planning regulations have developed dramatically since WW2, becoming more modernized and focused on key aspects such as effieciency and sustainability. This is a key focus and many changes have been implemented to ensure this. For example, privitisation played a great part in developing planning regulations, with acts such as the Transport Act (1995) supporting the passenger transport industry by deregulating bus services that were operating outside of London.
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Tourism demands are often developed through major trends and changes in lifestyles, with factors such as commuting, income and working patterns affecting its transport industry. One of the biggest impacts that have changed the demand of tourism is the increase in car ownership, which is growing indefinitely each year. This has slowed the demand of public transport in the tourism industry, and has created environmental problems, which has lead to a growth in specialist tourism. -
The introduction of budget airlines such as 'Ryanair' and 'EasyJet' shaped the air transport industry through offering passengers competitive flight rates. They allow tourists all over the world to travel and mark an important part of change within the passenger transport industry after the deregulation of Europes travel markets. Not only does it encourage travel, it has also popularised regional airports and allowed for major expansions in ones such as 'BRS'. -
Congestion charges were introduced to reduce the amount of traffic buildup and congestion in large cities such as London, which has developed the passenger industry in many ways . One key example is that they contribute to sustainability whilst also influencing commuters to use public transport. They are able to support the passenger transport industry through congestion charges and fines, which allow the local council to reinvest in important infrastructure. For example, the underground. -
Technology is a undeniable feature in tourism and has contributed to its growth and development massively, allowing changes that have shaped the industry for the future. This is clear in many ways, such as in airports where many new technological features are in use. BCBP is an example of this, where 'IATA industry' 2D bar codes are used as boarding passes. They can be used anywhere, from paper to a mobile phone, which has lead to the travel and tourism industry saving millions. -
It wasn't until after WW2 that noise pollution became a prominent issue within the passenger transport industry, having an immense impact on the environment and large parts of the public. Air transport is one form of passenger transport responsible for this, emitting tons of C02 each day. This has impacted the environment and many neighbourhoods around the UK, which has resulted in the introduction of national air quality objectives, which is set to digress pollutants like nitrogen dioxide. -
Post WW2, airports have seen promising expansions throughout the UK, all of which have been designed to help tourism prosper and improve infrastructure for the air industry within transport. Despite these developments being significant, it poses a risk to the environment resulting in many expansion plans to be paused. For many airports facing potential expansion, they must 'out-perform its net emissions' which will ultimately decide if the expansion goes ahead. -
The demand for tourism and the transport industry as swayed dramatically based of the income of many tourists. The cost of living in the UK is an example of this, where rising costs have restricted many tourists from travelling and using public transport. Despite disposable consumer income being reduced, many tourists are turning to budget-friendly holidays, changing the demand away from luxurious destinations that have become unreachable. -
The passenger transport industry is one that is booming throughout the world, it is responsible for taking the public from A to B and is heavily relied on. Since World War 2 it has grown substantially, and has modernized efficiently. An example of a revolutionary change that has impacted the passenger transport industry was the 'Transitioning to electric vehicles' which has drastically impacted factors such as the environment and how travel operates around the world.