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People begin to settle in the Nile valley. They started off by hunting and gathering food. Later, they begin to grow crops, keep animals and build homes on the banks of the river Nile. -
Narmer is the first Egyptian king to conquer and rule over both Upper and Lower Egypt. -
Three large stone pyramids are built at Giza. The pyramid is built for the king Khafre and is guarded by a huge stone sphinx with the body of a lion and the king's head. -
Coffin texts are used for the first time. These spells help dead people travel through the underworld to the afterlife. They are written on the coffins of wealthy ancient Egyptians. -
The government in Egypt collapses and Upper and Lower Egypt have different rulers. In 2055 BC, Mentuhotep II became king of Upper Egypt. He later then takes control of all of Egypt. -
Senusret III rules as king. He expands the territory controlled by Egypt and, during his 39-year reign, ancient Egypt is wealthy and powerful. -
Queen Neferusobek became one of the first female rulers of Egypt. She is the first ruler associated with the crocodile god known by Sobek. -
Around the time of the Middle Kingdom, wealthy people have wooden models of people preparing food or sailing on a boat put in their tombs to ensure good meals and safe travel for them in the afterlife. -
Ahmose rules as king. Ahmose defeats the foreign Hyksos rulers, who control Lower Egypt, and becomes king of all Egypt. -
Some ancient Egyptians have small figures called shabtis placed in their tombs to magically work for them in the afterlife. From about 1500 BC onwards, the number of shabtis in royal tombs increases. By 1000 BC, many wealthy people are buried with hundreds of them. -
Hatshepsut rules Egypt, initially because her stepson Thutmose III is too young to rule. Her most famous monument is a funerary temple opposite Thebes (present day Luxor). -
Akhenaten is king. He believes that the sun disc, Aten, should be worshipped as the only Egyptian god, and he discourages the worship of other gods and goddesses – particularly Amun. Many people do not agree and, after Akhenaten dies, his monuments are destroyed, his name is removed from statues, and the original religion is restored. -
Tutankhamun becomes king at the tender age of nine years. In 1922, the archaeologist Howard Carter discovers Tutankhamun's nearly intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings. -
Ramses II rules for 66 years. He builds temples everywhere and has many statues of himself put up within Egypt and in conquered lands. -
The mummification process changes and instead of placing the internal organs into special canopic jars, the organs are put back into the body after being dried. However, the ancient Egyptians continue to put empty or solid 'model' canopic jars in tombs. -
Kings from a region to the south called Kush conquer Egypt. Kushite kings rule Egypt until about 664 BC. The last Kushite king of Egypt is called Tantamani. -
Demotic script replaces hieratic script. Demotic script is faster and easier to write. It is used for business documents and everyday writing. -
Egypt is controlled by rulers from other countries. The Assyrians invaded Egypt in 673 BC and controlled local Egyptian kings. The Persians directly rule Egypt from 525 to 404 BC and again from 343 to 332 BC. -
After King Alexander of Macedon conquers Egypt, the country is ruled by his general, who becomes King Ptolemy I. His descendants continue to rule for 300 years. Greek becomes the main government language, and official documents are now written in Greek as well as Egyptian. -
Writing using hieroglyphic signs is developed. The ancient Egyptians used hieroglyphs for over 3,600 years to record important information.
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