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The Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality declared that the United States would stay neutral in the conflict between Great Britain and France, and warned people not to aid either side, as this was trying to protect the young nation from getting into war with other nations. Some people believed that America was refusing to help the French as they were trying to fight for their freedom, like them. This would lead to the creation of political parties in the United States.
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The Jay Treaty was signed by the United States and Great Britain, resolving issues that were left over from the Revolutionary War. It required Britain to leave the Northwest territories fort in America and opened limited trade with them in the West Indies. However, many Americans did not like this treaty as it did not stop the impressment of British on trade restrictions or sailors, but it did keep the U.S. neutral and prevent war with Britain.
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Washington’s Farewell Address was a warning to the people of America to not create political parties as it would cause it to become divide, not to create permanent alliances with any other nations as the young nations would be draged into it and would have to fight, and to be neutral as this would make sure that they will not give involved in any wars so that they can grow to be better. Even though Washington warned the people of America about these things, they still did it.
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Tecumseh was a leader who tried to unite the Native American tribes together and a leader of a confederacy, so that they could resist the United States, as they wanted to expand their land, which meant they were taking away native American land, with the help of Great Britain, as they both shared the same goal to stop Americans from expanding. They were able to hold their own.
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The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was between the HMS Leopard, which was a British warship, and the USS Chesapeake off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia. The British demanded to search their ship for British runaways, but the American commander refused. As the Chesapeake tried to leave, the British fired a warning shot when the Americans did not listen; they started shooting at the ship. After the Chesapeake surrender British seized four men who were allegedly runaways. This also increased tension.
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The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law that banned American ships from trading with other foreign countries. This act was supposed to stop Great Britain and France from seizing American ships during the Napoleonic Wars, but it instead hurt the American merchants and others greatly. They thought that by stopping trade with them, they would change their policies, but Great Britain and France had other resources that they could ask for, so they did not really need the United States to trade.
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The War Hawks were a group of young congressmen who were born during the Revolutionary War era. The leader was Henry Clay. They pushed for war with Britain in 1812 to defend American honor and to stop the British from impressing sailors. They also wanted to expand to Canada, but this was hindered by the British and the Native Americans. The War Hawks wanted to fight and be aggressive to solve this problem, instead of being peaceful about it. This would lead to the War of 1812 against Britain.
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The Impressment of sailors was when the British would seize American ships and force the people to serve in the British Navy. This was a major cause of the War of 1812, as the British would say that the people that take were runaways from the Royal Navy, but often they were runaways instead, they were naturalized Americans. This made the people very angry.
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The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain. Due to the seizure of American ships and the impressment of American sailors. In addition, the British were supporting the Native American tribes since the U.S. wanted to expand. These rising tensions led to the war. This was also the first war for Americans to declare war on another nation since President James Madison signed the declaration of war against Great Britain.
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During the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, Tecumseh's confederacy was weakened, since the United States won, which caused tension between the U.S. and Britain, as Americans believed the British were helping the Native Americans. Then, during the Battle of the Thames of 1813, in Ontario, Canada, the U.S. defeated the British, and Native American, also Tecumseh died in this battle. This would end the confederacy and lead to America having control of the Northwest.
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The Hartford Convention was a secret meeting of the New England Federalists in Hartford, Connecticut, as they opposed the war due to its damaging their trade and economy in New England, as they depended on Britain. Delegates talked about reducing the power of the South government. Word got around about the major victory of the Americans in the Battle of New Orleans, which made the Federalist Party appear disloyal, and also made them no longer look like the major political force in America.
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The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 by requiring Great Britain and the United States to return all restore pre-war land. All prisoners were released. The treaty was signed in Ghent, Belgium, on December 24, 1814. Even though the treaty was delayed due to the weather, Americans won the Battle of New Orleans. Both governments needed to approve the treaty, and Congress was pressured to agree, signing it on February 16, 1815. However, the treaty did not address the original causes of the war.
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The Battle of New Orleans was a major victory for the Americans, as it was a symbol of American democracy winning over the past European ideas of power and status by the ruling class. Andrew Jackson had the task of assembling an army, which included free men of color, sailors, marines, businessmen from New Orleans, smugglers like Jean Lafitte,and many others. The British suffered more casualties than the United States. It was also the last major battle fought between America and Great Britain.