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Department Stores: Large, multi-floor buildings with different departments. Pioneers like Harrods in London and Macy's in New York. Emphasis on opulence, window displays, and customer comfort.
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Chain Stores and Supermarkets: Standardized design for efficiency and branding. Rise of supermarkets with organized aisles and product categorization.
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Shopping Malls: Enclosed, climate-controlled spaces with a variety of stores under one roof. Designed for convenience and leisure with anchor stores and specialty shops.
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Themed Retail Spaces: Stores begin to incorporate themed designs and immersive experiences. Increased use of technology in displays and layout.
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Experiential Retail: Focus on creating unique, engaging experiences. Integration of digital technology, interactive displays, and personalized services. Emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendly design.