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First Bourbon king of Spain.
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European courts didn’t like this crowning because it would create a strong
Franco-Spanish alliance, so a civil and international war took place., known as
the War of the Spanish succession.
It confronted Felipe D’Anjou, supported by Castilla, France and Bavaria
against the Archduke Carlos, supported by Aragon, Austria, Great Britain,
Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia. -
First Bourbon king of Spain.
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Known as “the Brief” because of his extremely short reign.
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Peaceful and cautious ruler.
Avoided wars and focused on internal improvements. -
Considered one of Spain’s best kings.
Enlightened monarch who modernized cities, economy, and administration.
Reduced Church influence and promoted science and education. -
Weak ruler dominated by his favorite, Manuel Godoy.
His reign was marked by the French Revolution’s impact and rising instability.
Abdicated after Napoleon intervened in Spanish politics. -
Known as “El Deseado” at first, later hated for restoring absolutism.
Abolished the liberal Constitution of 1812. -
Napoleon’s brother, imposed as king during the French occupation.
Rejected by most Spaniards, who called him “Pepe Botella”. -
All the Spanish territories but Cádiz were conquered by the French, whose
army was stronger than the Spanish. However, Spanish people put into practice
a guerrilla war, in which paramilitary forces (composed by former soldiers and
peasants) focused on cutting French supplies or ambushing the Napoleonic army.
The Spanish leaders of this war were El Empecinado and El cura Merino, but they
also had the help of the British led by the general Wellington. -
When the French occupation took place, the “Junta Suprema Central”,
representing the different regions of Spain, met in Cádiz, thanks to the
protection of the British, with the objective of writing a Constitution. The
members of this “Junta” were elected by universal suffrage and met, for the
first time, on 24 September 1810. -
Known as “El Deseado” at first, later hated for restoring absolutism.
Abolished the liberal Constitution of 1812. -
Became queen as a child, causing the First Carlist War.
Her reign was full of political instability and military uprisings.
Deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1868. -
Six-year experiment with democracy after Isabel II.
Included a provisional government, the reign of Amadeo I, and the First Republic.
Ended with the Bourbon Restoration. -
Italian king chosen by the Cortes.
Faced constant political chaos and lack of support.
Abdicated, saying Spain was “ungovernable”. -
Restored the Bourbon dynasty.
Brought relative stability through the Restoration political system.
Popular and conciliatory figure who helped calm decades of turmoil.