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Before the Mesoamerican civilizations even began, people started turning wild teosinte into
maize, which became a very important crop. -
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The first cities and writing systems appeared in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)
with the Sumerians. -
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In Mesoamerica, early complex societies began to form, setting the stage for later cultures. -
Sargon of Akkad established one of the world’s first empires, uniting many Mesopotamian
city-states. -
Babylon grew as an important center of culture and law, famous later for Hammurabi’s Code. -
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This traditional date marks the beginning of Greek cultural events and athletic competitions. -
Babylon was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia, marking the end of Babylonian
independence. -
This “Golden Age” saw great achievements in art, philosophy, and politics in Greece. -
Greek city-states united to defend their lands against Persian invasions, an important
chapter in Greek history. -
Alexander’s passing led to the spread of Greek culture across a vast area, starting the
Hellenistic era. -
After a series of conflicts, Rome conquered Greece, bringing an end to Greek political
independence. -
Large cities and centralized states like Teotihuacan and Monte Albán flourished in
Mesoamerica. -
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New cultures emerged, such as the Toltecs, Mayan kingdoms, and the Mexica (Aztec) -
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The arrival of Spanish forces led to major changes and the end of indigenous state systems
in the region