The Roman Phase By jeanpaik 753 BCE Founding of Rome 509 BCE Establishment of Roman Republic Period: 264 BCE to 146 BCE Roman Expansion in Mediterranean basin Period: 106 BCE to 43 BCE Life of Marcus Tullius Cicero 100 BCE Civil War in Rome Period: 46 BCE to 44 BCE Rule of Gaius Julius Caesar as dictator Period: 31 BCE to 14 Rule of Augustus Period: 4 BCE to 30 Life of Jesus of Nazareth Period: 66 to 70 Jewish War 100 Life of Paul Tarsus