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The history of the republic is full of fights between factions. The Medici gained control of the city in 1434, after the coup d'état of Cosimo de' Medici against the faction that had exiled him the previous year.
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Gutenberg had established the basics of his printing press including the use of a mobile, reusable set of type, and within ten years he had constructed a working prototype of the press
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Leonardo's family moved to Florence, which at the time was the center of Christian humanist thought and culture. Around the age of fourteen, he became a garzone (student) in the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his time.
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The Italian Renaissance reached its peak in the mid-sixteenth century when internal disputes and foreign invasions plunged the region into the turmoil of the Italian Wars.