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Henry VIII broke with Rome because the Pope denied his annulment, but the deeper reasons included political power, financial gain, and growing support for religious reform.
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The Acts of Union (1536 1543) joined Wales and England into a single unified kingdom, applying English law and government structures to Wales and giving it representation in Parliament.
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After the death of Edward VI who was a protestant king, Mary I came onto the throne and persecuted protestants
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James VIth of Scotland became James Ist of England -
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Arrival of the Puritains on the Mayflower -
Conflict with Parliament
Charles I clashed with Parliament because he wanted to rule as an absolute monarch, while Parliament wanted to limit his power—especially concerning taxes, religion, and law. -
The Civil War happened because the king and Parliament disagreed about who should control the country, combined with conflicts over religion, money, and political authority.
After years of mistrust, compromise became impossible, and war broke out. -
England as a republic following the beheading of King Charles I
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Charles I was beheaded in 1649 because Parliament judged that he had abused his power, ruled as a tyrant, and waged war against his own people during the English Civil War. His refusal to share authority or accept Parliamentary limits led to his trial and execution. -
He led the Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War. -
After Cromwell's death, the republican government collapsed, Charles II offered a more stable and acceptable form of government. -
James II in succession of Charles II -
James II was overthrown because of his absolutist and pro-Catholic policies that threatened Parliament and Protestantism, leading to the Glorious Revolution. -
The Bill of Rights is law that limited the king’s power and established Parliament’s supremacy -
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55% of Scottish population didn't want to quit the UK.
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United Kingdom population choosed to quit European Union