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Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, marking the beginning of the Nazi Party's rise to power. This event laid the groundwork for the systematic dismantling of democratic institutions. -
Dachau was the first regular concentration camp established by the Nazi government. It served as a model for all subsequent camps and initially held political prisoners. -
The Nazi regime began the rapid deportation of nearly 440,000 Jews from Hungary, mostly to Auschwitz-Birkenau. This was the last major Jewish population center to be targeted -
These laws stripped German Jews of their citizenship and prohibited marriage or sexual relations between Jews and non-Jewish Germans. This institutionalized racial discrimination. -
A state-sponsored wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms occurred across Germany and Austria. Synagogues were burned, Jewish businesses were looted, and approximately 30,000 Jewish men were arrested. -
The Nazis began the systematic murder of institutionalized people with physical and mental disabilities. This program pioneered the use of gas chambers and mass killing techniques. -
The invasion of Poland marked the start of World War II. It brought millions more Jewish people under Nazi control and led to the creation of forced ghettos. -
Located in occupied Poland, Auschwitz originally served as a detention center for Polish political prisoners. It eventually expanded into the largest and most lethal extermination center. -
The largest of all the Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe was sealed off by walls and barbed wire. Over 400,000 people were confined in an area of just 1.3 square miles. -
Nazi Germany invaded the USSR, accompanied by mobile killing units called Einsatzgruppen. These units carried out the mass shootings of over a million Jewish people and others. -
High-ranking Nazi officials met in Berlin to coordinate the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." They planned the systematic, continent-wide deportation and murder of Europe's Jewish population. -
For her 13th birthday, Anne Frank received a red-and-white checkered diary, which she began using to record her life. Shortly after, her family went into hiding in a "Secret Annex" in Amsterdam. -
Large-scale deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto to the Treblinka killing center commenced. This marked a peak in the industrialized murder phase of the Holocaust. -
Jewish residents in the Warsaw Ghetto launched an armed revolt against deportation efforts. It was the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II and lasted nearly a month. -
After being transferred from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Anne and her sister Margot both died of typhus. Her death occurred only a few weeks before the camp was liberated by British forces. -
Soviet troops reached the Auschwitz camp complex and liberated approximately 7,000 remaining prisoners. Most other prisoners had been forced onto "death marches" by retreating Nazi guards. They find Otto Frank in the camp hospital. He was the only member of the eight people from the Secret Annex to survive the Holocaust -
The International Military Tribunal began the trial of 22 major Nazi war criminals. This set a legal precedent for holding individuals accountable for crimes against humanity. -
After returning to Amsterdam and receiving the diary from Miep Gies, Otto Frank fulfilled his daughter's wish to become a published author. The book was first released in the Netherlands under the title Het Achterhuis.
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