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Romano-British culture flourished in England until around 400 AD, when unrest in Europe prompted Roman withdrawal. Despite this, Roman influence endured through infrastructure, Latin, the Roman alphabet, and literary references, shaping England's identity.
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It signales a shift in Roman priorities to protect Rome itself
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Language of Germanic settlers in the British Isles
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The Middle Ages encompass three distinct phases: the Anglo-Saxon period, the Anglo-Norman period, and the late medieval period.
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Short Old English poem attributed to Cædmon, a supposedly illiterate and unmusical cow-herder who was, according to the Northumbrian monk Bede (d. 735), miraculously empowered to sing in honour of God the Creator. The poem is Cædmon's only known composition.
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Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature
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Culminated in the Battle of Maldon in 1000 with an Anglo-Saxon defeat. Then Battle of Stamford Bridge marking the end of the viking age in 1066.
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King of the Anglo-Saxon. During his era, the West Saxon dialect became the standard form of Old English. Reflected the Germanic Worldview of the Anglo-Saxon society.
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Series of brutal campaigns aimed at restoring Christian control over the Holy Land.
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Battle of Hastings in 1066: Anglo-Saxon defeat. Establishment of the House of Normandy with William the Conqueror
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According to legends, was a king of Britain. He is a folk hero and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain.
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Written by Marie de France. It combines elements of the lai, courtly romance, and animal fable genres.
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English language goes from Old English to Middle English.
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It was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe.
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It is the oldest and most senior Order of Chivalry in Britain.
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It was a series of armed conflicts fought between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages.
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Attributed to the "Gawain Poet" or the "Pearl" Poet.
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Written by William Langland. Langland's work is considered a precursor to the English Reformation, particularly notable amidst events like the Peasant's Revolt.
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Collection of twenty-four stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer. The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.
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Spiritual autobiography reflects a deeply emotional style of religious expression known as "affective piety."
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The advent of print culture, pioneered by William Caxton. Making literature more accessible to a broader audience and contributing to the spread of Renaissance ideals.
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Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 to claim the throne as Henry VII.
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Renaissance marked a cultural rebirth spurred by a renewed interest in classical texts and the principles of humanism
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The Great Vowel shift, The chancery English (used in official documents),
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Sprezzatura emphasized the art of effortless elegance and grace while fulfilling one's role at court.
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by William Tyndale represents a landmark event.
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which declare the English monarch, rather than the Pope, as the head of the English Church.
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A collection of poems that marked a significant shift from manuscripts to print.
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Written by Edmund Spenser
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Play written by Shakespeare
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Orchestrated by Catholic extremists, aimed to blow up Parliament, highlighting the religious and political tensions of the time
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Poem written by John Donne
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Aimed to promote scientific inquiry and knowledge
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Novel written by Aphra Behn
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Poem written by Alexander Pope
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