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This device was created in 1827 by english physician JohnAyerton Paris which has 2 different drawings on opposite sides of the disk.
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Animation on film was only possible because of invention of photography in 1827 by Joseph Niépce.
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In 1832,Beligian Physicist Joseph Plateau and his sons introduced the "Phenakistoscope". Used a spinning disc attached vertically to a handle.
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This device was invented in 1834 by William Horner. It consisted of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. As it would spin, the user looked through the slits at the pictures across.
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The praxinoscope was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. This improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.
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In 1885, George Eastman introduced transparent, flexible film and in 1888 marketed his Kodak camera, bringing photography to the average American.
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America’s premier inventor, Thomas Alva Edison, developed a motion picture camera (the kinetograph) and a projector (the kinetoscope) in 1891.
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After seeing the Lumiere’s new invention in 1895, Georges Méliès began making films. He had been a magician and expert in special effects for the theater.
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The Edison 1902 film, “Fun in a Bakery Shop” was an early example of movie special effects.
In 1903, the landmark silent movie “The Great Train Robbery” debuted. It was created by former Edison cameraman Edwin S. Porter, was a commercial success, and led to the birth of silent pictures. -
Blackton started as a vaudeville performer known as “The Komikal Kartoonist” who drew lightning-fast sketches. After meeting Edison, Blackton became interested in putting his drawings on film
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In 1895, they created the film “Workers Leaving the Factory” which is considered the first motion picture.
In 1903, they turned their attentions away from cinematography and patented a color photography process that launched in 1907. -
In 1908, Cohl created “Fantasmagorie.” This animation was created using an illuminated glass plate for his table while drawing black lines on paper. The end result was printed in negative to intentionally give the feel of a chalkboard.
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In 1914, McCay brought “Gertie the Dinosaur” to life on film. It was included in his vaudeville act along with camera tricks where McCay appeared on screen with Gertie.
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In 1914, Bray employee Earl Hurd invented the process of inking the animator’s drawings onto clear pieces of celluloid and then photographed them over a single painted background. This simplified the animation process.
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In 1919, Otto Messmer created Felix the Cat for the Pat Sullivan Studios.
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In the 1920s, movie theatres popped up around the country. Sound was not added until 1927; all of the movies were silent.
