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J. Edgar Hoover was appointed Acting Director of the Bureau of Investigation (later the FBI) on May 10, 1924, by Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone, officially becoming Director by the end of that year. At age 29, he immediately began reforming the agency, establishing merit-based hiring, rigorous training, and a central fingerprint file to boost efficiency and public image. -
Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler's autobiographical political manifesto, was first published in two volumes: Volume 1 in July 1925, and Volume 2 in 1926, outlining his ideology and plans for Germany. It was written while he was imprisoned after the failed Beer Hall Putsch, with much of the editing done by Rudolf Hess. -
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was a major trigger and symptom, not the sole cause, of the Great Depression; it exposed deep economic problems like unregulated banking, overspeculation, and poor monetary policy, leading to widespread panic, bank failures, and a collapse in credit, transforming a recession into a decade-long global depression. While the crash wiped out fortunes and confidence, it was the subsequent failure of the financial system, particularly -
The Dust Bowl began in the early 1930s (starting severely in 1931–1932) as a massive ecological and agricultural disaster in the Great Plains, driven by severe drought and poor farming practices. It was centered on the Panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas, along with southwestern Kansas, southeastern Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as the 32nd U.S. President on November 8, 1932, defeating incumbent Herbert Hoover in a landslide during the Great Depression. Running on a "New Deal" platform, FDR secured 472 electoral votes, winning 42 of 48 states. He was inaugurated on March 4, 1933. -
Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, by President Paul von Hindenburg, marking the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the Nazi dictatorship. Driven by economic depression, political instability, and resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler's rise was secured through backroom negotiations with conservative elites who wrongly believed they could control him. -
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was created by Congress on March 31, 1933, and officially established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 5, 1933, as a cornerstone New Deal program to combat unemployment during the Great Depression. It employed young, unmarried men (18-25) in environmental conservation projects, planting over 2 billion trees and building infrastructure.