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Skulls and other bones have been found in Europe with evidence that surgery around the year 10,000 BC was very common. https://invention.si.edu/search?keyword=arabian+medicine -
Emperor Sheng-Nung contributed to the early use of acupuncture, which became a primarily used technique of surgery. https://www.factcite.com/essential/7026842full.html -
Around this time period, Egyptians began using herbs to create natural healing remedies. https://www.factcite.com/essential/7026842full.html -
From 460 to 375 BCE, a physician named Hippocrates became "the father of Western medicine," believing illnesses were from natural causes. https://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204475-toc -
During the middle ages, things progressed slowly. Around 500 AD midwives began taking care of childbirth instead of a untrained physician. https://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204476-toc -
Around 900 AD the first medical school was founded in Europe. http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204475-toc -
An Arabian physician, Rhazes, became the first to be able to distinguish between the diseases smallpox and measles. http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204475-toc -
The English physician, William Harvey began studying veins and blood and discovered blood pumped towards veins and away from the heart through arteries. http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204475-toc -
A physician named Edward Jenner began to establish the first vaccine for smallpox. After testing it, Edward discovered he had success. http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204475-toc -
Before the 1800s, anesthesia hadn't yet been invented for undergoing surgery, but American and British scientists started experimenting with two numbing substances and eventually made what we now call anethesia. https://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204476-toc -
A chemist from France named Louis Pasteur learned about germs by studying the fermentation of wine which later helped him the rabies vaccine. https://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/medicine/275767#204476-toc