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Dalton took Democritus' idea and tweaked it, calling these particles "atoms", not "atomos". Also, he said that atoms in an element are identical, but the atoms in each element are unique. And, atoms are neither created nor destroyed by a chemical reaction, but they may be rearranged.
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Thompson discovered electrons with his cathode ray, and in doing this developed the "Plum Pudding" atomic model. This was the idea of negatively charged electrons that were in a "soup" of positive charges.
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Rutherford took a different approach from Thompson, and said that most of an atom's mass is in its nucleus. He also said that the nucleus has a positive charge, and electrons are in fixed orbitals surrounding the nucleus.
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Bohr had a "Planetary Atomic Model" in which the nucleus is surrounded by electrons in orbitals with different energy levels.
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Schrodinger had a Quantam Mechanical Atomic Model that stated electron orbitals have different shapes. He also said that electrons are both particles and waves of energy at the same time.
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Democritus theorized that matter is made of particles called atomos. Atomos are solid and indivisible, and there are different kinds that have different shapes and sizes.
