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monarchy abolished and communist regime started. USSR created
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agreements to open a second front in France, USSR will join war on Japan. Agreement to withdraw from Iran 6 months after the end of the war and guarantee it's economic reconstruction.
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44 countries met in new hampshire to discuss post-war finances. to prevent war, economic stability must be preserved. the IMF (international monetary fund) and the IBRD (international bank for reconstruction and development- later the World Bank) were created to fund reconstruction and give loans/grants to war torn countries.
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created by Churchill and Stalin at the Moscow conference. set out how the spheres of influence in liberated Europe would be set up, EG: Greece Britain/US 90%, Romania USSR 90%, Hungary/Yugoslavia 50% each
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Ultra right wing Arrow cross party took over September 1944. After liberation, Stalin grouped communist and socialist parties together, and was unsure whether to integrate hungry into the soviet bloc.
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Communist Committee for National Liberation recognised as provisional government, against the wishes of the allies, who supported the London government-in-exile.
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Slain wanted Germany to remain weak with extreme reparations. Roosevelt wanted to develop liberal democracy in Europe and create the UN. Germany/Berlin divided into 4 occupation zones. Ussr gained land from Poland according to the Curzon line, while Poland expanded west. Declaration on Liberated Europe signed, but Stalin would break it in Poland.
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secret meeting between US,UK and German officials in Bern to discuss a German surrender. USSR excluded, seen by Stalin as untrustworthy/
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Stalin did not trust Truman or Attlee, and believed that the US wanted to dominate western Europe. Truman used nuclear diplomacy to ensure Stalin's cooperation. Decisions: demilitarisation, democratisation, denazification, decentralisation. Truman wanted more global trade, limit soviet expansion, ensure future US influence. Attlee wanted to focus on domestic policy, and ensure US support of Western Europe.
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Labour party won a landslide victory, but stalin thoguth Attlee was weak. He wante to focus on britain and secure special relationship. UNwilling to fight with Stalin. Ernest Bevin, foreign minister, very anti-communist.
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Monarchy abolished by public vote and communists took over, declaring people's republic under Dimitrov.
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George Kennan- US diplomat in Moscow. He believed thar communism was an uncompromising ideological threat, with no chance of US-USSR Cooperation. Advised Truman that US must be prepared to use force, as Soviet policy was aggressive and expansionist.
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After the US/UK forces withdrew from Iran, the USSR refused on the grounds that the west wanted to undermine the southern soviet border. the US protested at the UNSC and accused the USSR of interfering, but the USSR eventually obtained oil concessions to match the US/UK.
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Fulton, Missouri. Stalin saw this as proof that the US/UK were working together to carry out an ideological assault against the USSR. Many Americans thought it was too aggressive, although Churchill was not prime minister any more, and did not represent the UK.
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Nikolai Novikov argued thart the US were economic impreilaists with a wish for Global dominance. Manily a response to the Long telegram.
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Communists staged a coup and took over the National Democratic Front in march 1945, King Michael I was forced to abdicate, and a communist republic under Groza was established.
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Us under secretary of state. Found that the weak european economics would in turn damage the US. US aid as needed to help recovery- led to Marshall Plan.
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written by George Kennan, although he denied it. introduced idea of containing communism.
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British and US zones merged. the British were struggling to support their zone, particularly due to the influx of immigrants form the east and the population of 22.5 million. they wanted to avoid French or soviet influence over the industrial Ruhr region, as Stalin was demanding joint control, and de Gaulle wanted an international control.
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called by UK and France to discuss the Marshall plan, soviet delegation attended initially but walked out after declaring it an attempt of economic imperialism by the US. Molotov accused the west of diving Europe into 2 camps. soviet spies in London has access to diplomatic reports, west never intended to give it to east, but it was a gesture. 16 countries in final plan.
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way to support Greek royalist against communists as Britain was broke. aimed to protect democracy ("protect the free peoples pf the world"), stop expansion of the USSR and develop their own world power. demonisation of the USSR began to justify the doctrine and shift away from isolationism.
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$13.5 bn to 16 countries
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approved early 1949
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USSR blocked all road and rail links to western zones and Berlin in order to force the US out, in response to Bizonia and the new currency- USSR wanted a unified communist Germany instead.
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