The Atomic Race Baris Demirbas Period 6 8/22/16

Leucippus

500 BCE

Principles/Findings:
- Void was absolutely necessary for motion to occur
+ Believed to have created the first theory of the atom.

Zeno

480 BCE

Principles/Findings:
-Stated that the universe is a single entity.
+Proposed the theory of Eleatics.

Democritus

465 BCE

Principles/Findings:
-Everything is made up of atoms
-Atoms are indestructible
-Atoms cannot be seen.
-Atoms are solid
-Atoms consist of the same parts
-Atoms are different due to their varying sizes, shapes, masses, positions, and arrangements.
*Solids: Small, pointy Atoms
*Liquids: Large and round Atoms
*Oils: Fine, small Atoms that can slip past each other.
+His contribution to the theory was that he affirmed that the universe is composed of atoms and the void(space) they are in.

Pierre Gassendi

Dec 24, 1640

Principles/Findings:
- Stated that atoms are solid and lacked in internal structures.
- Believed atoms can form into molecules.
- Atoms had not existed in earths creation.
- Atoms were handed to us by god for us to worship their wholly spherical nature.
+ Revived the ideology of Atoms.

Isaac Newton

Dec 24, 1704

Principles/Findings:
+Developed an idea regarding a mechanical universe which was driven by an atom.

Antoine Lavosier

Dec 24, 1789

Principles/Findings:
- Believed atoms didn't exist.
- Developed the law of conservation of mass.
+ Allowed for the chemical revolution to take place.

John Dalton

Dec 24, 1803

Principles/Findings:
-Everything is made of atoms. They are both indivisible and are indestructible.
-All atoms' properties are identical in any given element.
-Compounds ate made by combining multiple different types of atoms.
-When a chemical reaction occurs, the atoms are rearranged.
+Dalton is known for discovering the atomic theory.

Michael Faraday

Dec 24, 1832

Principles/Findings:
-Matter is recognized where lines of force met at a particular point in space.
-Was not really a fan of the atomic theory.
-Created "Faraday's laws of Electrolysis".
-Made changes to Dalton's theory.
-Atoms had electrical properties.

J. Plucker

Dec 24, 1859

Principles/Findings:
-First to experiment with electron rays in a vacuum.
+Allowed further research into the atomic theory to occur.

James Clark Maxwell

Dec 24, 1873

Principles/Findings:
- Stated "the void" was filled with electric and magnetic waves.
+ his work allowed for equations from Faraday to be translated.

J.J. Thompson

Dec 24, 1897

Principles/Findings:
- The number of negative electrons equaled the number of positive protons while neutrons were well, neutral.
- Atoms were spherical in shape.
- The protons are surrounded by electrons.
- Electrons are smaller than atoms.
+ Thomas proved that atoms were composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Thomas found electrons.

Rutherford's Dold Foil Experiment

Dec 24, 1898

The gold foil experiment was conducted to test the effect of alpha particles on matter. Basically, they put a plate of gold foil surrounded by a sheet of sulfide. The gold was used to test whether particles to penetrate, scatter (somewhat 90 deg. off), then hit the sulfide screen, emitting light; or if it just deflected the beam back. This experiment ended up proving that an atom had a nucleus, and J.J. Thompson's "plum pudding" hypothesis for the structure of an atom.

Robert Millikan

Dec 24, 1909

Principals/Findings:
+ Millikan ended up being able to specify the size of an electrons charge.

Ernest Rutherford

Dec 24, 1911

Principles/Findings:
- Atoms possess a nucleus.
- Found the proton.
- Almost all of the atoms mass is concentrated in the nucleus which is a thousand times smaller than the actual atom.
+Unified many concepts in the growing atomic theory, and disproved some as well. He also ended up classifying many different types of rays.

Neils Bohr

Dec 24, 1922

Principles/Findings:
- Electrons travel is only possible on separately expanding orbits.
- Outer orbits (now known as valence shells) can hold more electrons than inner orbits.)
- The orbits determined many atoms properties.
- When an electron jumps from an outer orbit to an inner orbit, light is emitted.(calculated with the difference of 2 orbital energies.
+Bohr's explanation of the atom's orbit allowed for the explanation of the different properties of different atoms to be better understood.

Werner Heisenberg

Dec 24, 1923

Principles/Findings:
-Impossible to know a particles position and velocity.
+Heisenberg calculated the electrons' behavior. Helped clarify the modern view of an atom

Erwin Schrodinger

Dec 24, 1930

Principals/Findings:
- Electrons in orbit create "standing waves".
- Only where the electron could possibly be can be described.
- Waves can be used to describe electrons through atoms.
+Proposed that the mechanics of waves are the actual mathematical method for atoms.

James Chadwick

Dec 24, 1932

Principle/Findings:
- Atoms have neutrons, the neutrons are found in the nucleus.
- Neutrons account for an atoms atomic mass.
+Proved that atom's nuclei were comprised of more than just protons, they were comprised of protons and neutrons. His discoveries also allowed for the advancement of the understanding of atoms' nuclei.

Hans Bethe

Dec 24, 1935

Principles/Findings:
- Found the carbon-nitrogen reaction is the same reaction that gives stars power.
+ Developed the theory of Deuteron. Allowed for a better understanding of atoms in space.

Enrico Fermi

Dec 24, 1942

Principles/Findings:
- Found the concept of fission.
+ Aided in the creation of the first nuclear bomb that aided exponentially in the ending of World War 2.