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The first electric alarm system was invented by Augustus Pope in the 1850s. It was designed to alert homeowners of intruders using electric circuits. Over time, alarm systems became more sophisticated, incorporating motion sensors, infrared beams, glass break detectors, and remote alerts via smartphones and central monitoring centers.
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Originally developed during World War II to monitor rockets, CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) was adapted for public and private security. Early systems recorded video to tapes, while modern cameras use digital storage, high-definition video, night vision, facial recognition, and AI-based motion detection to improve security coverage.
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Replacing traditional metal keys, electronic access systems used magnetic stripe cards, keypads, or RFID cards to grant or deny access. These systems improved security by logging entries, setting permissions, and integrating with alarm systems. Biometric access and mobile credentials are now common upgrades to this technology.
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Electronic and Biometric Locks
Electronic: 1970s
Several companies developed them — for example, Lockheed created a card-based electronic lock in 1975. -
Evolution: These were first developed in the late 1980s and 1990s to act as a barrier between a trusted network and untrusted external networks, controlling incoming and outgoing traffic. Modern firewalls are more sophisticated, using AI and behavioral analysis to identify complex attacks that bypass simple rules
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As computers became widespread, new threats emerged—viruses, worms, and hackers. Antivirus software (like McAfee and Norton) was developed to detect and remove malware. Firewalls were introduced to prevent unauthorized access to networks. Over the years, cybersecurity has evolved to include intrusion detection systems (IDS), endpoint protection, and advanced threat intelligence.
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As valuables became more portable, the invention of safes and vaults provided physical protection against theft and fire. The 19th century saw innovations such as fire-resistant materials, time locks, and reinforced steel construction. Modern vaults now include seismic sensors, biometric access, and even climate control to protect sensitive items like documents, jewelry, and data drives.
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Biometric: 2000s
Developed by companies such as Identix, Samsung, and ZK.
They allow access without physical keys, using cards, codes, fingerprints, or facial recognition -
The rise of smart devices brought interconnected home security systems that can be controlled remotely through smartphones. Smart cameras, doorbells, and locks can stream live footage, send alerts, and even recognize faces. These systems integrate AI to differentiate between familiar people and potential intruders, making home protection more efficient and user-friendly.
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(2010s – Present)
Drones started being used for surveillance and monitoring, especially in areas that are large, dangerous, or hard to reach. They provide real-time video and can be used by police, security teams, and even private companies.