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Galileo observes the night sky with his homemade telescope, and discovers lunar craters, Jupiter's moons, and the phases of Venus.
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John William Draper of the United States captures the first clear and detailed astrophotograph of another world: the Moon.
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Nazi Germany successfully launches the first man-made object to pass the Kármán line.
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The scientists of WAC Corporal successfully designs a rocket that reaches the edge of space (49 miles.)
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The USSR launches the dog Laika into orbit on Nikita Khrushchev and Sergey Korolev's Sputnik 2.
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NASA's satellite Explorer 6 captures the first photographs of Earth while in orbit.
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Yuridia Gagarin on Vostok 1 becomes the first human to fly into space.
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Alan Shepard lands the Freedom 7 while still in the craft, therefore the first complete spaceflight by FAI definitions.
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Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrian become the first humans to set foot on the moon. The first samples from the moon were also returned.
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The US's Mariner 10 did a flyby of Venus at 5768 km, and took the first photos of Venus from Space.
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The Viking Lander took the first samples and photos from the surface of Mars.
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NASA's Voyager 1 takes the first "photo" of the whole solar system. The photo is a mosaic of 60 individual frames.
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The Hubble Space Telescope is launched into low earth orbit.
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The International Space Station becomes the first multinational space station and the largest man-made object built in space to date.
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The Voyager 1 after 30+ years of being in space, exists the solar system into interstellar space.
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The James Webb Telescope is part of NASA's Next Generation program, and will be located at the Earth-Sun L2 langarian point.
It is the scientific successor to the Hubble, not the replacement as the capabilities will be different.