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The Normans conquered England, introducing Norman French as the language of government.
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King John lost Normandy to the French, leading to the loosening of ties between England and the Continent.
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King Henry III issued the first English-language royal proclamation, establishing a Privy Council and beginning the growth of the English constitution.
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English nationalism promoted during this period.
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The devastating plague killed a significant portion of England's population.
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All court proceedings required to be conducted in English.
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Led by Wat Tyler, marking the beginning of popular protest.
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John Wycliffe promoted the first complete translation of scripture into English.
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Geoffrey Chaucer produced influential English poetry.
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Legal records began to be kept in East Midland English, establishing a written standard.