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Cherubini
Italian composer, theorist, teacher, and administrator working in Paris; he was a dominant figure in French musical life, especially in opera and education -
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Mayr
French composer; contributed to the genre of opera comique; the most important French composer of symphonies in the early 19th century -
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Beethoven
instrumental in moving music towards romanticism; he is an icon in our present culture; established the heroic topic in orchestral music and was the transitional composer between classicism an romanticism -
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Reicha
Czech composer; especially important as a theorist and teacher in Paris -
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Hoffmann
German writer and composer; writer of The Nutcracker fable; his writings epitomize romanticism; also an artist -
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Reichardt
german composer and singing teacher; daughter of JF Reichardt; conducted women's chorus in Hamburg -
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Paganini
Italian violinist and composer; he contributed significantly to the history of the violin and to the development of virtuosity -
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Onslow
french composer of English descent; Berlioz thought he would be Beethoven's successor- he was not -
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Maria
founder of germanic romantic opera; studied with Michael Haydn; important conductor -
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G. Rossini
The most famous composer in the early 19th century in Vienna; composed mostly choral music and operas; Italian -
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Mercadante
Italian composer and teacher; during his day he was as important as Donizetti, Bellini, and Verdi; prolific in most genres -
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Donizetti
Student of Mayr; Verdi's immediate forerunner in serious Italian opera; prolific composer of all genres -
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Schubert
Austrian composer who created a genre of artistic and dramatic lieder; expansive melodies; frequent modulations; many unfinished works; romanticized after his early death -
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Bellini
Italian composer; created dramas with extreme passion, action, and emotion -
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F. Hensel
had the same training as Felix; she was discouraged from composing; married, then published more; her house was a center for intellectuals and culture -
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Mendelssohn
early romantic; conservative style; important as a conductor; revived bach's music; german composer Jewish heritage -
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Chopin
Polish/ French composer and pianist; he innovated new piano techniques; he is more famous today than during his lifetime; known for his character pieces -
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R. Schumann
important as a critic, editor, and composer; center of musical life; lost his sanity at a young age -
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Liszt
virtuoso pianist; conductor; author; supporter of Wagner; innovator in musical form, aesthetics, and harmonies; inventor of the orchestral tone poem -
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Verdi
the leading Italian opera composer of the 19th century; became a national hero of Italy -
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Wagner
creator of german music drama; conductor, writer, musical innovator; wrote about Music of the future; anti-semite; profoundly influenced western harmony; strove for endless melodies -
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C. Schumann
virtuoso pianist; wife of Robert Schumann; close friend of Brahms -
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Bruckner
Austrian composer and organist; follower of Wagner; known for his large orchestrations; incredibly conscientious approach to composition -
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Smetana
Czech composer; established Czech opera in the 19th century; nationalist -
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Strauss
Viennese composer; conductor, and violinist; called the "waltz-king" -
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Foster
American songwriter; vernacular style -
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Brahms
Austrian composer; known as a classic-romantic; strong knowledge of the musical past; one of the first editors of bach's music; conductor, pianist; friends with the schumanns; never wrote and opera -
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Cui
one of the Russian mighty 5; of French descent -
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Balakirev
one of the russian mighty 5; one of the more professionally trained musicians of the five -
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Bizet
French composer who created a new type of serious French opera -
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Paine
American; organist, composer; teacher of the new generation of American composers; Harvard's first professor of music -
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Tchaikovsky
Russian composer, conductor and teacher; western trained; emotional; conservative harmonic language -
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Dvorak
The most famous of the Czech composers; lived in the USA; influenced by African-American and Native American music and culture -
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Sullivan
English composer and conductor; his comic operas are still popular today (Gilbert and Sullivan operas) -
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Grieg
The most important Norwegian composer during his day -
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Rimsky-Korsakov
One of the Russian mighty 5; important as a teacher, conductor; wrote an orchestration treatise -
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Faure
French composer, teacher, and keyboardist; he foreshadowed modern tonality and style; extremely important as a teacher; head of the Paris Conservatory -
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Janacek
Czech composer; ethnomusicologist; influenced by folk music -
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Humperdinck
German composer; critic, and teacher; close to Wagner -
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Sousa
American; leader of the US Marine Band in 1880 -
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Elgar
English composer; received international acclaim; not folksong oriented -
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Puccini
Italian opera composer; gift for delicate melodies; strove for realism; the most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi -
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Wolf
wrote mostly Lieder; collector and editor of folksongs -
Invention of the carbon microphone
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invention of the gramophone record