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Be it through the myths of Remus and Romulus or through Aeneas' story Rome was agreed to be founded on April 21st, 753 BCE. From here Rome would start out as a monarchy with Romulus being sourced as the first king of Rome -
After overthrowing the seventh king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, Rome would enter the stage of the republic. This was due to the Rape of Lucretia which was ultimately the breaking point for Rome where they decided to do away with the monarchy entirely.
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A series of wars that took place between Rome and Carthage. The first and final wars were easily won by Rome, however, the 2nd Punic War notably featured a Carthaginian named Hannibal who was able to outsmart Rome easily giving Carthage many won battles.
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A conflict between Rome and Numidia which revealed the underbelly of Rome's Senate as Jugurtha is able to easily pay off Senators and other powerful people in Rome. A man named Marius would end up bringing him back in chains which would lead to the rise of Marius as well as many military reforms.
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After a period of social unrest (and the Social Wars), Sulla is able to take over Rome and pass the Lex Valeria which makes him dictator for however long he pleases. He would ultimately make many political reforms such as doubling the size of the senate and removing the veto power from the tribune. In 79, Sulla retires to his farm in Campania leaving Rome in a weird state.
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After having their requests to the Senate denied, Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar form an alliance called the 1st Triumvirate. Within a decade, the group does fall apart and makes way for Caesar to become dictator. -
On March 15th, 44 BCE Caesar is killed by a group of over 60 conspirators led by Brutus and Cassius. When Marc Antonius read his will, Caesar had left his grand nephew with the power of Rome. -
The First Settlement would mark the true end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Roman Empire. This would happen after Octavianus renounced his power as a triumv and place Senate back in control. The Senate would give him 10 years of imperium in Spain, the Gauls, Syria, Egypt, and Cyprus after he left.
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The Second Settlement gave Octavianus maius imperium and tribunicia protestas which would set the groundwork for how emperors would achieve power. Going forward, the person marked as heir would receive these two powers.
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As the story goes, Nero burns down the city of Rome over the course of multiple days. He is known for singing "The Fall of Troy" while playing the harp as the city burned behind him. However, in order to get out of this he decided to blame the Christians instead and killed many of them in "retaliation."
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After Galba became emperor he was deemed unfit to rule as he refused to pay the Praetorian Guard. Otho would bribe the Praetorian Guard leading to the assassination of Galba and Piso (another emperor canadate). Vitellius would be forced by his lieutenants to go for power which led to Otho committing suicide. Sadly, Vitellius eats Rome broke, so Alexandria hails Vespasian as emperor which leads to Vespasian killing Vitellius so he can actually be emperor.