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The Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the French and Indian War. It kicks the French out of North America and establishes Britain's dominance in North America.
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Ottawa Chief Pontiac led tribes (helped by some French traders) in a violent campaign to drive colonists out of the Ohio River Valley. Pontiac's warriors captured Detroit.
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The London Government issued the Proclamation of 1763. The Proclamation prohibited settlement past the Appalachians Mountains. The Appalachian Mountains were gained after the British defeated the Native Americans. The Proclamation was created to prevent another war to uprise between the Natives and the British.
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The Sugar Act was the first law passed by the British Parliament. It was created to raise tax income in the colonies. Sugar Act raised the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
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George Greenville forced colonies to support the new troops by raising the revenue. The Stamp Act required colonists to use stamped paper to certificate payment on taxes of paper goods.
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The Quartering Act required certain colonies to provide food and shelter for British Troops that were in the colonies.
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27 delegates from nine colonies met in New York City and drew up a statement of their rights and grievances. The delegates requested the King and Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act.
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The Stamp Act was repealed. In its place was the Declaratory Act. The Declaratory Act reaffirmed Great Britain's right to have complete control of the American Colonies.
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The Townshend Act put a small import taxes on glass, paper, white lead, paper, tea, and paint. American Colonies started to rebel against Great Britain. The New York Legislature was suspended by Parliament.
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Crowd of 60 townspeople attacked 10 Great Britain soldiers. The soldiers open fired on the civilians. They ended up killing/wounding 11 people.
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The committee was created by Sam Adams. In order to keep the Revolution alive, they sent letters between the members of the committees.
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Virginia proposed each colony appoint a standing committee.
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A group of around 100 Bostonians disguised as Indians boarded ships docked in the Boston Harbor and dumped all 342 shipments of tea into the sea. As a result, Parliament passed the Boston Port Act, which closed the harbor until payments were made to restore it and the colonists could get their acts together.
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The Quebec Act ensured that Catholic French Canadians now obtained religious freedom and French civil law was restored. American colonists opposed this act because it angered anti-Catholics and extended Quebecs acreage.
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As a way to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, which restricted the colonists rights. This included town meetings and required that the officials who killed colonists during the Boston Massacre would be sent back to Britain for trial.
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The Continental Congress, made up of 55 men from all colonies except for Georgia, met in Philadelphia to respond to colonial grievances over the Intolerable Acts. After seven weeks, the First Continental Congress drafted many papers including a Declaration of Rights. However, the most important outcome was the creation of The Association, which called for a complete boycott of all British goods: non importation, non importation, non consumption.
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Lord Dunmore, a royal governor in Virginia, issued a proclamation that promised freedom to black slaves in Virginia that joined the British Army
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The British commander in Boston sent a detachment of soldiers to Lexington and Concord. The plan was to seize stocks of colonial gunpowder and capture Sam Adams and John Hancock. Eight Americans were shot and killed, this became known as the Lexington Massacre. Because of this, the British pushed towards Concord and were met with lots of American resistance and led to 300 casualties and 70 deaths. This gave Britain the idea that this was not a rebellion but a war.
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The Second Continental Congress, made up of representatives from all thirteen colonies, met with a fair amount of conservative element. There desire was to keep fighting until Parliament agreed to redress their grievances. The most important outcome of the meeting of the Second Continental Congress was drafting George Washington into a head position.
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A tiny American Force led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold surprise-attacked a group of British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point.
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The colonists captured Bunker Hill. However, instead of retreating, the British eventually took it back, but faced many casualties.
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At the meeting of the Second Continental Congress the Olive Branch Petition was drafted. This proclaimed American loyalty to the British Crown and begged King George III to prevent further battles. However, the King rejected the attempt at reconciliation.
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Thomas Paine published a book titled "Common Sense." It preached the idea that colonists went to America for freedom and independence beyond Britain's control.
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On June 7, 1776, an American statesman from Virginia started to preach "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." Thus, making the Congress push to create a more formal statement of separation from Great Britain.
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The Declaration of Independence was officially approved by Congress and put into movement. It stated the rights of mankind.
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Washington carefully crossed the Delaware River and ended up surprise attacking and capturing 1,000 Hessians. A week after the Battle of Trenton, Washington defeated a small group of Britain soldiers in Princeton.
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Washington replaced his army in Philadelphia. There he was defeated in a battle at Brandywine Creek and Germantown. A British officer named General Howe settled in Philadelphia. Washington then retried to Valley Forge. All of the remaining Burgoyne's surrendered at Saratoga to Gen. Horatio Gates.
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American soldiers went without bread for three days because food and military supplies were limited in the colonies.
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The darkest periods of the war were between 1780-1781. A sense of unity began to disintegrate and the government was virtually bankrupt.
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After fighting almost the entire war, Americans drafted The Articles of Confederation, which was the first written constitution adopted by the colonists.
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On October 19, 1781, 7000 men were surrendered by Cornwallis.
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The Treaty of Paris signified Britain's recognition of the United States independence from Britain. It stated the boundaries for the United States and the American and Britain concessions.
