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Tridentine Period: Council of Trent establishes the framework for Catholic doctrine and liturgy.
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Pre-Conciliar Church Characteristics: Emphasis on hierarchy, Latin liturgy, and traditional practices.
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Opening of Vatican II: Convened by Pope John XXIII to address relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world.
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Traditional Latin Mass: The primary form of worship, characterized by Latin prayers and priest facing the altar.
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Ecumenism and Modernization: Efforts to engage with other Christian denominations and modernize Church practices.
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Major Documents: "Sacrosanctum Concilium" (Liturgy), "Lumen Gentium" (Church), "Dei Verbum" (Revelation), "Gaudium et Spes" (Modern World).
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Liturgical Reforms: Introduction of vernacular languages and active participation by the congregation.
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Closing of Vatican II: Concluded by Pope Paul VI, marking a shift towards a more pastoral approach.
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Implementation of Reforms: Liturgical changes, focus on laity involvement, and modern ecclesiastical structures.
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New Mass: Introduction of the Novus Ordo Missae (New Order of the Mass), celebrated in the vernacular.
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Ongoing Debates: Discussions on tradition vs. modernity, including traditionalist movements.
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Pope Francis Era: Focus on social justice, inclusivity, and continued implementation of Vatican II's vision.