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A white supremacist terrorist group formed to intimidate and oppress African Americans and those who supported their rights.
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Period of federal intervention in the South to rebuild the nation and protect the rights of formerly enslaved people.
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Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War.
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President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, five days after the Confederacy surrendered. This event significantly impacted Reconstruction plans.
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Abolished slavery throughout the United States.
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Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves.
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Connected the East Coast to the West Coast of the United States, facilitating westward expansion and economic growth.
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One of the first major labor unions in the United States, advocating for a variety of social and economic reforms.
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Prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Unofficial agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election. In exchange for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes winning the presidency, federal troops were withdrawn from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
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A skilled-craft union focused on higher wages and shorter workdays.
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Violent clash between police and workers in Chicago, damaging the reputation of the labor movement.
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Federal legislation that aimed to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments.
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State and local laws enacted in the Southern states to enforce racial segregation and disenfranchise African Americans.
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Rapid growth of manufacturing and industry, driven by technological advancements and mass production.
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Emergence of powerful corporations and industrialists, such as Andrew Carnegie (steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil).
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Workers organized into unions to fight for better wages, working conditions, and rights.
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Political movement that advocated for the rights of farmers and working people, challenging the power of big business and banks.
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The belief that the United States was destined to expand westward across North America.
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.S. Army troops killed hundreds of unarmed Lakota Sioux men, women, and children in South Dakota, marking the end of major armed resistance by Native Americans.
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Continued movement of settlers westward, driven by the search for land, gold, and opportunity.
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Era of rapid economic growth and social change, characterized by both great wealth and widespread poverty.
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Large influx of immigrants from Europe, Asia, and other parts of the world.
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Anti-immigrant sentiment and discrimination against immigrants.
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Expansion of U.S. power and influence beyond its borders, including through military intervention and colonial expansion.
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Violent labor dispute at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in Pennsylvania.
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Immigration processing center in New York Harbor.
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Nationwide railroad strike that paralyzed much of the country.
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Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
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War between the United States and Spain, resulting in the acquisition of overseas territories by the United States.