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Triggers Great Depression across the world, caused by over-speculation in stock market with borrowed money.
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Axis states [Italy, Germany, Japan] sign Tripartite Pact, a ten-year military alliance
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Atomic bomb
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Winston Churchill arrived at the 'percentages agreement' with Stalin to establish the predominance Britain and the USSR would each have in Eastern European states
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USA state Bizonia should gain responsibility for their own economic development
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[ most Eastern European states ]
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Regime is heavily implemented when war ends
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Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met for the Yalta Conference in the Crimean city of Yalta
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Roosevelt wrote to Stalin outlining his concerns about Stalin's interpretation of the Yalta declaration on Poland
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Nuclear monopoly gained, tension increases
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The Potsdam Conference took place, characterised by Truman's abrasive diplomacy and Stalin's determination not to be intimidated by the USA’s nuclear monopoly
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Attlee replaces him as Prime Minister, takes position in Potsdam Conference
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Atomic bomb
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Unconditional surrender
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The German Social Democrats (SPD) and the Communists (KPD) were forcibly merged by the Soviet Military Administration of Germany (SMAD)
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George Kennan [US ambassador in USSR] sent his lengthy despatch of containment to the US State Department in Washington.
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Delivered by Winston Churchill, direct attack on Soviet policies
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[Relatively free]
Communist Party wins 38% of the vote -
Post-World War II diplomatic meeting; Allied powers negotiated, drafted peace treaties with the former Axis satellite states of Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland. Treaties established new borders, set military restrictions, arranged for reparations, and formally ended the state of war between the involved nations.
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Created by Britain's military governor in Germany
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The Soviet Ambassador in Washington, Nikolai Novikov, concluded that US foreign policy was based on economic imperialism
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US and British zones in Germany merge to form Bizonia
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All political parties aside from Communist representatives banned
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Financial aid no longer available [own financial exhaustion, inability to maintain stability
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Attended by representatives from the Big Four [USA, USSR, Britain, France]
- Agreement to dissolve state of Prussia
- Addresses issues surrounding potential German and Austrian peace treaties, future political standpoints of these countries, economic settlements.
- No official peace decision made -
Moves by the USA towards the establishment of a divided Germany were becoming increasingly apparent
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Harry S. Truman signs act, initiates means for Marshall Plan
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States economy in Europe is steadily deteriorating, requires substantial US aid
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George C. Marshall gives a speech at Harvard University, outlining idea for ERP [European Recovery Programme]/ Marshall Plan
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Created by Joseph Stalin to coordinate the actions of European communist parties under Soviet direction and oppose American influence, specifically the Marshall Plan, during the early stages of the Cold War.
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Andrei Zhdanov referred to the USA's intention to construct a 'Western Bloc' with Germany at its centre
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Council of Foreign Ministers [CFM]: UK, US, USSR, France meet to discuss peace treaties for Germany and Austria
'Failure': ideological divides between superpowers, unable to come to a four-power agreement, paves way for Western pursuit of separate plans of econ. recover for their zones -
[Poland]
Accused of 'nationalist deviation' -
Stalin's intent to establish a buffer zone of satellite states to the west of the USSR was completed, with communist regimes established across Eastern Europe [limited influence over Yugoslavia]
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Deutschmark to be introduced in Western zones of Germany and Berlin
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- Western allies supply zones through an airlift, as opposed to force on land [avoidance of direct conflict] "Operation Vittles"
- Daily tonnage= 5000 tons of resources
- "Candy Bombers"
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Hungarian communist leader executed for 'Anti- Soviet' activities
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Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, UK, USA
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The Soviet Union blocked all road and rail links to the Western zones and West Berlin; disabling sourcing of necessities to and from these zones
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