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The death of Charles II
He died from genetic diseases, nephrotic syndrome or kidney failure, hydrocephalus or neurological disorders, and from intense infections and chronic diarrhea. The consequences were:
1.The war of Spanish Succession in the year (1701 to 1714)- The end of the House of Austria in Spain.
- Treaties of Utrecht from (1713 to 1714).
- The transformation of the Spanish state.
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The industrial revolution
What happened in the Industrial Revolution was the shift from manual to mechanized production, intensive use of new energy sources, urban growth, and migrations, along with changes in society. The main protagonists were James Watt, Richard Arkwright, George Stephenson… businessmen, scientists, governments, workers… Consequences:
There was an increase in production and wealth, but also in inequality.
Beginning of modern industrial capitalism. -
The american revolution
Mostly due to British colonization, tensions with Great Britain, protests and boycotts, the revolution began in (1775), the War of Independence, and the birth of the United States. By whom? George Washington, Thomas Jefferson…
Supported by thousands of farmers, merchants, slaves, Indigenous people, and women. On the other hand, France, Spain, and the Netherlands helped the colonies militarily against Great Britain. The causes were political, economic, social, and ideological. -
French Revolution
What happened? There were many social crises and inequalities, economic crises, Enlightenment ideas, the beginning of the revolution, and the rise of Napoleon. Who? There were many people from different social groups: politicians, thinkers, the people, and the monarchy. But mainly the French people and Louis XVI. The causes were social inequality and economic crisis. -
The spanish war of independence
What was it? It was a conflict between the Spanish people and Napoleon Bonaparte’s army, which invaded Spain with the intention of taking control of the country. Who was involved? Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom fought against Napoleon’s invading First French Empire. Consequences: The end of the French occupation, the return of absolutism, the birth of Spanish nationalism, changes in warfare, and Spain’s isolation. -
The constitution of 1812
The Constitution of Cadiz was drafted and accepted during the Spanish War of Independence in response to the political crisis caused by the Napoleonic invasion and the absence of King Ferdinand VII. The participants were political groups and deputies from the Cortes of Cadiz representing mainland Spain, the American colonies, Asia, and Africa. Consequences: The first liberal constitution and conflicts with absolutism. -
The congress of vienna
The Congress of Vienna was an international meeting held in the capital of the Austrian Empire, between September 18, 1814, and June 9, 1815, convened with the aim of reestablishing the borders of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte and reorganizing the political ideologies of the Ancien Régime. They participed Russia,Austria and England. -
First carlist war
The war was due to the fact that Fernando VII published the Pragmatic Sanction in March 1830, which annulled the Salic Law that excluded female succession to the throne. Participed the Carlists, supporters of the Infante Carlos María Isidro the Borbón and an absolutist regime, and the Isabelinos, defenders of Isabel II and the regent María Cristina the Borbón.