Muhammad Born By I AM GAr BeAr 570 Muhammad Born 610 Muhammad's First Religious Experience 613 Muhammad Begins Preaching 622 Muhammad flees Yathrib - Yathrib is later renamed Medina, this date is the beginning of the Muslim calendar 628 Muhammad and his followers take over Mecca 632 Muhammad Dies - Muhammad's Father in Law is appointed as caliph (successor) to Muhammad 652 Islam Spreads - Islam spreads into Syria, Palestine, Iran, Egypt and parts North Africa 661 Umayyads gain power - The fourth caliph to Muhammad, Ali is assassinated transitioning power Umayyads 711 Muslims conquer Spain for the first time 750 - Umayyads control the region of Spain 750 Abbasids overthrow Umayyads - Abbasids were a rival clan to the Umayyads 756 Abd al-Rahman, last Umayyad prince takes over Muslim Spain 912 Abd al-Rahman III assumes power - He rebels against Arab leaders who had been challenging the authority of the Umayyad dynasty 929 Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed himself caliph 933 - All of Muslim Spain united under Abd al-Rahman III 1000 volume medical encyclopedia produced 1258 Mongols kill the last Abbasid caliph - Mongols invaded Baghdad ending the Abbasid reign 1290 Ottomans (Turkish Muslims) start opposing Byzantine controlled cities 1453 Ottomans end Byzantine Empire with takeover of Constantinople 1520 Height of Ottoman power 1526 Mughal empire invades India - The Mughals conquered North and Central India 1556 Akbar the Great comes to power - This created a Golden Age for Muslim India 1629 Peak of Safavid Empire 1658 Peak of Mughal Empire - Led by Akbar the Great's grandson, Shah Jahan 1722 - Afghan warriors invade and end Safavid empire 1857 Last Mughal Emperor exiled - This happened when the British gained control of India 1900 End of the Ottoman Empire - long reigns and success attributed to religious tolerance