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Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés defeat the Aztec Empire, marking the beginning of Spanish rule.
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Miguel Hidalgo issues a call for independence, sparking the Mexican War of Independence.
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Mexico officially gains independence after over a decade of conflict.
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Texas declares independence from Mexico, leading to the Texas Revolution.
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The war results in Mexico losing half of its territory to the United States.
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A civil war between liberals and conservatives over the new liberal constitution, leading to the separation of church and state.
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Mexican forces defeat the French army on May 5th, a victory celebrated as Cinco de Mayo.
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Emperor Maximilian I, installed by France, rules until his execution by republican forces.
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A decade-long civil war that leads to significant social, political, and economic changes.
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A new constitution is adopted, incorporating many of the goals of the revolution, including land reform and labor rights.
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President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalizes the oil industry, creating PEMEX.
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Mexico supports the Allies by sending troops and providing resources.
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Government forces open fire on student protesters in Mexico City just before the Olympics.
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A devastating earthquake strikes Mexico City, leading to significant loss of life and property.
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Indigenous insurgents in Chiapas rebel against the Mexican government, demanding rights and autonomy.
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The North American Free Trade Agreement is signed between Mexico, the United States, and Canada.
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Vicente Fox becomes the first president from an opposition party (PAN), ending 71 years of PRI rule.
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President Felipe Calderón launches a major military offensive against drug cartels, leading to widespread violence.
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43 students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College are forcibly disappeared in Iguala, Guerrero, sparking national and international outrage and protests against government corruption and violence
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Mexico faces significant challenges due to the global pandemic, impacting its economy and public health.