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Padre Miguel Hidalgo delivers the grito de Dolores, calling for rebellion against Spanish rule. Hidalgo's followers, primarily Indians and mestizos, begin marching toward Mexico City with an army of 80,000.
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Padre José María Morelos takes over leadership of the revolution, maintaining resistance for four years. Morelos is defeated by Agustín de Iturbide, a creole officer.
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A revolution in Spain brings a liberal government to power, alarming Mexican creoles who fear losing their privileges.
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Agustín de Iturbide, who had previously opposed the rebels, declares Mexico's independence from Spain. Central American states declared independence from Spain and Mexico.
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Agustín de Iturbide, who had declared himself emperor of Mexico, was overthrown. Central America declared complete independence from Mexico and formed the United Provinces of Central America.