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Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire.
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Initiated by Miguel Hidalgo’s Grito de Dolores.
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Mexico formally gains independence from Spain.
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Conflict with the U.S. leading to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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Adoption of a new federal constitution.
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Major armed struggle for political and social reform.
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Institutional Revolutionary Party becomes dominant political force.
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Period of rapid industrialization and economic growth.
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Government crackdown on student protests.
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Major economic crisis due to external debt.
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North American Free Trade Agreement comes into effect.
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End of PRI’s 71-year rule.
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Government’s crackdown on drug cartels intensifies.
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PRI returns to power.
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Major political and economic reforms are implemented.
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Significant political shift with AMLO’s presidency.
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Mexico faces health and economic challenges.
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New legislative changes impacting the political landscape.
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New security measures to address crime.
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Continued impacts of recent events and reforms.