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1519-1521 - Spanish Conquest: Hernán Cortés leads the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
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1521 - Fall of Tenochtitlán: The Aztec capital falls, marking the beginning of Spanish rule
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1535 - Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Spanish crown establishes colonial rule over Mexico.
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1810 - Grito de Dolores: Miguel Hidalgo initiates the Mexican War of Independence
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1821 - Mexican Independence: Mexico gains independence from Spain.
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1824 - First Mexican Constitution: Mexico is established as a federal republic
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1836 - Texas Revolution: Texas secedes from Mexico, leading to the formation of the Republic of Texas
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1846-1848 - Mexican-American War: Mexico loses vast territories in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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1857 - Liberal Reform: The Reform Laws are enacted, aiming to reduce the power of the Catholic Church and military.
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1861-1867 - French Intervention: Emperor Maximilian I is installed by France, leading to a brief period of European rule.
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1876-1911 - Porfirio Díaz's Dictatorship: A period of authoritarian rule and modernization known as the Porfiriato.
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1910-1920 - Mexican Revolution: A decade of social and political upheaval, leading to significant land reforms and the establishment of the modern Mexican state.
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1917 - Mexican Constitution: A new constitution is adopted, addressing labor rights, land reform, and education.
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1938 - Nationalization of Oil: President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalizes the oil industry, creating PEMEX.
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1968 - Tlatelolco Massacre: Government forces suppress a student protest, leading to significant casualties.
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1985 - Mexico City Earthquake: A devastating earthquake kills thousands and leads to widespread destruction.
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1994 - NAFTA: The North American Free Trade Agreement comes into effect, significantly impacting Mexico's economy
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1994 - Zapatista Uprising: The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) rises in Chiapas, demanding indigenous rights and social reforms.
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2000 - Political Transition: Vicente Fox of the PAN party is elected president, ending 71 years of PRI rule.
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2019 - Culiacán Cartel Battle: A violent confrontation between Mexican authorities and the Sinaloa Cartel in Culiacán, sparked by the attempted arrest of Ovidio Guzmán, son of "El Chapo."
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2022 - Mexican Supreme Court Decriminalizes Abortion: A landmark decision that impacts reproductive rights across the country.
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2022 - U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) Implementation: The updated trade agreement comes fully into effect, replacing NAFTA.
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2023 - Hurricane Otis: A Category 5 hurricane causes severe damage to the state of Guerrero, particularly in Acapulco, prompting a large-scale emergency response.