Medieval Europe By jtosti 410 Visogoths sack Rome 455 *Vandals sack Rome 459 St. Patrick dies 476 *Fall of Rome 525 Anno Domini calendar is invented 527 *Justinian I becomes Emperor of Byzantium 535 *Emperor Justininan establishes his legal code 552 The secret of how to make silk is discovered 563 St. Columbus founds Iona 590 *Pope Gregory I begins reign 622 *Islamic religion is formed 622 Hegira 632 Muhammad dies 651 Islamic conquest of Persia 691 Buddhism becomes the state religion of China 711 Moors from North Africa invade Spain 717 *Seige of Constantinople 718 *Reconquista in Spain 731 *The Venerable Bede publishes "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" 732 *Battle of Tours 793 *Vikings raid the church at Lindisfarne 800 *Charlemagne becomes emperor 820 *A group of Vikings settles in northwest France and will later be called "Normans" 835 Vikings begin invading northern Europe 843 *Treaty of Verdun 860 Vikings discover Iceland 870 *Aethelflaed of Mercia born 871 *Alfred the Great becomes king 886 *King Alfred the Great captures London from the Danes 910 *Cluny Abbey founded 911 *Normandy is founded 919 *First use of gunpowder 962 *Otto the Great is crowned emperor 969 *Cairo founded 975 *The story of Beowulf is first told 979 Song Dynasty reunites China 982 Vikings discover Greenland 1001 Vikings sail to North America 1016 *Cnut becomes king 1025 *Avicenna writes the "Cannon of Medicine" 1042 *Edward the Confessor becomes king 1066 *Battle of Hastings 1066 *William the Conqueror becomes King of England 1077 *Walk to Canossa 1077 *Bayeux Tapestry created 1087 *William Rufus becomes King of England 1094 *El Cid defeats Moors 1096 *First Crusade 1099 Christian armies capture Jerusalem 1100 *Henry I becomes King of England 1102 *Empress Matilda was born 1117 University of Oxford is founded 1122 *Eleanor of Aquitaine is born 1135 *The story of King Arthur is first told by Geoffrey of Monmouth 1146 *Pope Eugenius III declares the second Crusade 1154 *Henry II becomes king 1170 *Thomas Becket is killed 1180 *Philip II becomes King of France 1185 Japan is ruled by a shogun for the first time 1187 Battle of Hitin 1189 *Third Crusade begins 1189 *Richard the Lionheart becomes King of England 1198 *Pope Innocent III begins reign 1199 *John Lackland becomes King of England 1202 *Fourth Crusade begins 1206 The Mongol Empire is founded by Genghis Khan 1209 *St. Francis of Assisi creates the Franciscan order 1216 *Magna Carta is created 1216 *Henry III becomes King of England 1217 *Fifth Crusade begins 1220 *Roger Bacon born 1228 *Sixth Crusade begins 1231 *Pope Gregory IX begins the Inquisition 1239 *Seventh Crusade begins 1248 *Eighth Crusade begins 1270 *Ninth Crusade begins 1270 *William Wallace born 1271 *Marco Polo begins his journey to the east 1272 *Edward I becomes king 1273 *The Hapsburg Dynasty takes control of the Holy Roman Empire 1273 *Height of Thomas Aguinas' career 1295 *Isabella of France born 1298 *Battle of Falkirk 1306 *Robert the Bruce becomes king 1308 *Dante Alighieri begins the Divine Comedy 1315 *The Great Famine begins 1324 *Mansa Musa begins trip to Mecca 1327 *Edward III becomes king 1330 *The Black Prince is born 1337 *Beginning of the Hundred Years' War 1347 *Black Death 1377 *The story of Robin Hood first told 1378 *The Great Schism begins 1381 *Peasants' Revolt 1386 *Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing the Canterbury Tales 1413 *Henry V becomes King of England 1415 *Battle of Agincourt 1429 *Joan of Arc leads French army 1430 *Margaret of Anjou born 1440 *Gutenberg printing press invented 1451 *Isabella I of Castile (Spain) born 1453 *Fall of Byzantine Empire 1453 *Hundred Years' War ends 1455 *War of the Roses begins 1466 *Elizabeth of York born 1469 *Ferdinand II and Isabella I are married 1470 *La Morte D'Arthur is published 1470 *King Edward V is born 1483 *Richard III becomes King of England 1485 *Battle at Bosworth Field 1487 *War of Roses ends 1492 *Columbus discovers the Americas 1517 *Martin Luther writes his ninety-five theses